Coarse grains like Bajra and Jowar has a greater role to play in improving small and marginal farmers conditions in arid and semi arid regions in adapting to regions having permanent climatic and geographical impediments. Growth patterns and instability in production and productivity of these crops over the time was studied using the compound annual growth rate and coefficient of variation. The analysis shows the changing cropping pattern in the country from coarse grains to high cash crops, which is reflected by decline in area of coarse grains by 15 per cent in 2000's, however, the productivity is on the rise in both Bajra and Jowar due to release of improved hybrids and varieties by public and private sector research in response to their industrial and nutritional value as Nutri-cereals. But relation of yield with relative instability in most of the states, growing Jowar and Bajra has been increasing over the period, which is a matter of serious concern. Hence, the study points out to the significant policy interventions to maintain the stability of coarse grains along with production in the wake of its increasing nutritional and commercial value in suiting to the fragile environmental conditions.

No abstract

:Odisha is the state where villages are located in rural areas with little connectivity and extremes of seasonality and dominated by 37 per cent of small and marginal farmers with high level of unemployment. And as development approach Microfinance has evolved to benefit the socially and economically underprivileged facing difficulty in accessing institutional finance. It is particularly attractive as a tool to help the poor, since it is widely seen as improving livelihoods, reducing vulnerability, and fostering social as well as economic empowerment. TRIPTI stands for "Targeted Rural Initiatives for Poverty Termination and Infrastructure", an IDA (World Bank) assisted livelihood project being implemented by Orissa Poverty Reduction Mission (OPRM) under Panchayati Raj Department in the state of Odisha. TRIPTI focuses mostly on institutional building (Promotion and strengthening of SHGs and their federation) and the livelihood options of the community with the participation of all types of stake holders. For the further refinement of the programme, an understanding about the extent of people participation has studied by using binary logit model to primary data. An attempt to evaluate the performance of TRIPTI in terms of access to finance revealed that TRIPTI membership was having significant influence upon access of credit. As TRIPTI programme was found having significant influence upon credit access, it is to appreciate the factors influencing participation in TRIPTI which hence forth revealed the significant role of education and good extension contact through binary logit model.

Microfinance has evolved as a development approach to benefit the socially and economically underprivileged facing difficulty in accessing institutional finance. It is particularly attractive as a tool to help the poor, since it is widely seen as improving livelihoods, reducing vulnerability and fostering social as well as economic empowerment. Financial inclusion can be defined as delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low-income and it also covers various other financial services such as savings, insurance, payments and remittance facilities by the formal financial system to those who tend to be excluded like marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans, members of the scheduled tribes and it also helps in accessing institutional credit through commercial banks, cooperative banks, RRBs, NABARD SHG-linkage, other self-help groups and credible microfinance institutions.Analysing secondary data through compound annual growth rate (CAGR), it has been observed that microfinance has emerged as the most effective and successful tool for financial inclusion and it has seen as beacons of hope to help eradicate poverty by providing credit to poor rural households. Microfinance has evolved as a development approach to benefit the economically underprivileged facing difficulty in accessing institutional finance.