Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase linking childhood to adulthood. Among adolescents, girls are especially vulnerable and more susceptible biologically to reproductive tract infections. In rural India, health education given to these girls, builds knowledge, motivates them to improve and maintain their health, prevent disease and reduce risky behaviors. This study aims to evaluate the impact of adolescent health education on these rural teenage girls. Methods: This is a school-based educational interventional study on adolescent health education, on the girls 11 to 19 years old, in our area, during the period from January 2012 to February 2014. A pretest and post-test were done along with the health education, which covered various topics concerning adolescent health. Results: There were 1249 girl students enrolled into the study. The knowledge on menstruation and menstrual hygiene improved significantly after health education. The awareness of ill effects of child marriage, consanguineous marriage and teenage pregnancy was known by only 82.9%, 29.5% and 5.8% respectively. The knowledge about selfbreast examination, Pap smears and awareness that chronic white discharge after marriage, leads to cancer of cervix in the long run, were known by none. By this study, it is seen that their knowledge was poor during pretest and remarkable improvement took place after the educational intervention. Conclusions: This study shows the feasibility of adolescent health education program implementation on girls in the rural schools.

:Objectives: To assess the short term morbidity of non-closure of the visceral and parietal peritoneal at caesarean section as compared to suture peritonization. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial of 200 women undergoing cesarean section was done; randomized into non-closure and closure groups. Perioperative, intraoperative and postoperative details were recorded in the proforma. Chi-square/student t-test were used to compared outcome between the two groups. Results: Operating time, anesthesia time and time of ambulation were significantly shorter in non-closure group (p<0.0001). There was less postoperative pain, analgesic requirement and febrile morbidity in non-closure group; however it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Avoiding the closure of visceral and parietal peritoneum at cesarean is associated with lesser operating time, decreased febrile morbidity and lesser need for postoperative analgesics. Hence routine closure of peritoneum at cesarean can be avoided.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of fertile age. The prevalence, time of onset and severity of clinical presentation vary among different ethnic and racial groups. Though there is significant reproductive, endocrine and metabolic morbidity of PCOS, very little is known about its different modes of presentation in Indian population. A cross sectional observational study. The objective To study the correlation between the clinical, ultrasonographical and hormonal features in women diagnosed as PCOS based on the revised diagnostic criteria, 2003.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 74 PCOS women who had oligo ovulatory cycles and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound was done. Data about menstrual history and anthropometric measurements were collected. Clinical observations of acne and hirsutism were made.  Transvaginal ultrasonography and biochemical analysis for free testosterone was done.Results: In all, 74 PCOS women were studied and analyzed. The mean age was 24.884.03, mean BMI was 25.48 ±3.75 and mean free testosterone was 3.81±4.05. Among the PCOS women 39.8% were hirsute, 10.1% were obese, 2.3% had acne and 38% were hyperandrogenemic. Of the hyperandrogenemic women 61.2% were hirsute, 53.22% were obese and 36.54% had acne.  The association between BMI and free testosterone level was statistically significant (p=0.0023). BMI was moderately correlated with hyperandrogenemia (r=0.446). The mean left ovarian volume was higher in obese than in non-obese women, which was statistically significant (p=0.003). The mean left ovarian volume was high in hyperandrogenemic women which was statistically significant (p=0.00034).Conclusions: In the present study it was found that there is association between obesity and free testosterone level which was significant. There was statistically significant association between ovarian volume and obesity. Similarly, there was association between ovarian volume and hyperandrogenemia which was significant. Hirsutism and acne had no association with hyperandrogenemia.

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Gossip about ‘Gossypiboma’ is still heard in the surgical field even in this decade too. The real incidence is unknown, but has been reported as 1 in 100 to 3000 for all surgical interventions; whereas it is 1 in 1000 to 1500 for intra-abdominal operations. We report two cases of ‘retained surgical towel’ after abdominal hysterectomy, to discuss the diagnosis, complications, management and propose various means of its prevention. Both the patients recovered well after a stormy postoperative period. How to cite this article Ghongdemath JS, Shindholimath V, Lingegowda K. A Tale of Two Towels. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(1):41-45.