No abstract

Animal bites in humans are an important public health problem. Most of these bites are dog bites. Dog bites in humans are a complex problem embracing public health and animal welfare, both in developed and developing nations. In order to estimate the magnitude of the problem and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of dog bite victims registered in Anti Rabies Clinic of Dr. S.N. medical college, Jodhpur regarding their age, sex, number of registered dog bite victims per month and year along the studied period (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) and also to sniff out any seasonal variation in dog bite attacks. The present study was carried out by detailed examination of the records of animal bite patients who had attended the Anti Rabies Clinic of M. G. Hospital attached to Dr S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur for medical advice and post exposure immunization against rabies during last seven year period from January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015. The data compiled in Microsoft excel 2010 were further analysed using SPSS version 21. The total number of registered animal bite victims per 7 years of the study was equal to 38561, distributed as (29,844 males and 8714 females), with male to female ratio equal to 3.5:1. The studied epidemiological characteristics showed that highest total number of registered dog bite victims during the year (2012). The persistence of dog bite as public health problem in Jodhpur district.

Background: Cytology examines exfoliated cells, while colposcopy examines the changes that occur in the vascular structure of the cervix5. Patients with an abnormal pap smear result or patients with a suspicious-looking cervix even if they had a negative pap smear, should be evaluated by colposcopy and colposcopy directed biopsy. Methods: Interventional Prospective study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College & associated Hospitals, Jaipur. Results: In this study, among 15 IUCD users, 5 (33.33%) had bacterial vaginosis, 2 (13.33%) had trichomonas vaginalis and 1 (6.66%) were found candidal infection, 1 (6.66%) polymicrobial infection. Conclusion: The present study indicates that there is definite changes in the cervical architecture in IUCD users and the change is also dependent on the duration of use. A simple technique like cytology and colposcopy is highly useful in diagnosing these changes and combating them by early interference whenever necessary. The present study does not reveal any increased risk of cervicitis and dysplasia in IUCD users. We further recommend that a long term follow-up is required to rule out the possibility of any increased risk of dysplasia or carcinoma in-situ. Keywords: IUCD, Colposcopy, Dysplasia.