The purpose of this chapter is to identify the specific impact of genetically modified (GM) crops on Finnish agriculture. In the first section of the chapter, certain elements that determine the economic effects resulting from the adoption and diffusion of agricultural biotechnology are examined. This involves tracing the key productivity gains delivered by GM technology, and analysing how such gains will be shared between the farmers and the rest of the food chain. The next section examines the special character of Finnish agriculture, and thus observes the position of Finnish farmers and the competitiveness of Finnish agriculture should gene technology be strongly adopted in the EU as well. The main thrust of the discussion is on the key economic and strategic issues and implications of GM technology on Finnish farms. The final section summarizes the findings.