The alignment characteristics of the homogeneous liquid-crystal (LC) cell rubbed multidirectionally were examined. LC molecules align along an axis between two different rubbing directions. The rubbing strength, cell thickness, and ambient temperature markedly influence the final orientation of the LC molecules. The orientation of the LC molecules and the transmission of a multidirectionally rubbed cell can be controlled according to the ambient temperature. A model that assumes substrate with various groove densities along various rubbing directions is presented. The elastic constant and the viscosity of the LC molecules are found to be the key factors that influence the orientation of the LC molecules.
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