The research study was conducted in Dharwad district during 2013-14, with a sample size of 120, farmers were randomly selected from three taluks viz, Hubli, Dharwad and Kalagatagi. The results revealed that 37.50 per cent of the respondents belonged to medium entrepreneurial behaviour category, whereas, 32.50 per cent and 30 per cent belonged to low and high entrepreneurial behaviour category respectively. Further, entrepreneurial behavioural characteristics such as innovativeness was medium (38.33%) in rose growers 45 per cent of rose growers had medium achievement motivation, 40 per cent of the respondents belonged to medium economic motivation category, 46.66 per cent of the rose growers belonged to intermediate decision making ability category, 42.50 per cent of the rose growers and 42.22 per cent of other farmers had medium risk orientation, 44.16 per cent of the rose growers belonged to medium level leadership ability category. The characteristics such as education, annual income, mass media exposure, extension contact, were positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour at 1% and scientific orientation and family size were positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour. The variables such as age and land holding were not significantly related with entrepreneurial behaviour of rose growers.

The study examines the level of professional competence among agricultural extension personnel in the Karnataka state of India. The study population was composed of agricultural extension personnel in development departments and Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (Farm science center). During 2021-2022, 285 extension personnel completed self administered surveys. The design for the data collection instrument was based on a literature review and focus group recommendations. The findings showed that respondents thought they were highly competent in the areas of program evaluation, organizational skills, human relations skills, and communication skills and moderately competent in the areas of knowledge, administration, teamwork, leadership, program planning, and implementation. Respondents’ competency differed by their cadre also; ADAs, ADHs, and SMSs had high competence levels than their counterparts- AOs, AAOs, and AHOs. The findings imply that there is a need for in-service training of extension professionals in all core competency areas. Pre-service extension education curricula need to be reviewed and updated, incorporating the core competencies highlighted in the study.

A study was conducted in three districts of Karnataka including, Dharwad, Vijayapura and Bagalkot on constraints faced by the extension personnel working in KVK and Development Departments. Data were collected through questionnaire and statistical methods such as percentage, frequency and ranking were used for analyzing the data. Constraints were classified as institutional and personnel, A total of twelve institutional and seven personnel constraints were reported by the extension personnel. Among the institutional constraints, majority (94.73%) of the extension personnel reported the constraints of ‘bureaucratic delays and focus on paperwork’, ‘Inadequate staff’ (77.19%), ‘less opportunities for promotion’ (70.52%) as the major constraints. While the major personnel constraints faced by the extension personnel were ‘Lack of accurate and effective feedbacks due to time lag of functionaries’ (92.98%), ‘Lack of coordination among the staff’ (81.75%) and Lack of advanced training (70.52%).

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