No abstract

The paper analyzes the literature on the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of components of secondary products of processing of rye and wheat – dietary fiber and phenolic compounds – on human health. A special role is played by soluble arabinoxylans and xylooligosaccharides associated with ferulic acid, which have prebiotic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that the inclusion of cereal bran in the diet has a positive effect on human health and helps to reduce the risk of diseases associated with the Western type of diet – atherosclerosis, second type diabetes, and various types of oncology.

Galleria mellоnella L. is one of the main pests in beekeeping. Therefore, scientists are studying Galleria mellоnella L. to find methods to combat it and as a model object for physiological and biochemical studies. In addition, some medicinal plants contain active substances that affect the physiological parameters of insects and even exhibit insecticidal properties. In the study, the authors evaluated the effect of additives from dry powders of common origanum and marsh cinquefoil on the dynamics of weight change, survival and uniformity of the metamorphic composition in the Galleria mellоnella L. Larvae of the third age were selected for the experiment. Additives were added to the insect food substrate at 10, 50 and 100 mg per 3 g of the standard diet. For 16 days, the mass of insects and the stage of their development were recorded in the experimental and control groups. The results showed that the supplements studied had a stimulating effect on larval growth at low doses. In the experimental groups, a trend towards faster development of larvae was found. The average daily weight gain per larva in all experimental groups was significantly (P<0.01) more significant than in the control group. At a dosage of 100 mg of joint origanum supplement, the survival rate of insects was minimal and amounted to 80%. At dosages of 50 and 100 mg of additions of common origanum and marsh cinquefoil, a violation of the homogeneity of the age composition was observed. The data obtained allow us to conclude that it is promising to study further the impact of marsh cinquefoil and common oreganum additives on insect pests.

The main problem of modern grain crops is the low quality of proteins, due to the insufficient content of essential amino acids and, above all, lysine, a limiting amino acid, the amount of which depends on the digestibility of proteins by the human body. Amino acids in the grain are unevenly distributed. The germ and aleurone layer is richest in essential amino acids, primarily lysine. The biological value of protein fractions depends on the level of essential amino acids. Therefore, for example, the proteins of the aleurone layer have a higher biological value than in the rest of the endosperm. Thus, in terms of the amount of essential amino acids, oat protein, although only slightly, is still more biologically valuable than wheat, rye, and barley. Finely divided fractions of bran, which are rich in essential amino acids, can be used in food and feed production.

The problem of food poisoning and food allergies does not lose its relevance and is still a threat to health, which must be minimized. Since various cereal-based products make up a significant proportion of the diet of humans and farm animals, the purpose of this review is to familiarize with sources of chemical and biological contamination of cereals, such as mycotoxins and pesticides. These compounds, which enter the human body and animals with food, can pose a health hazard even in quantities beyond detection. Among the pesticides that have become an integral part of modern agriculture, in this article, the greatest attention was paid to organophosphate herbicides as the most widely used on cereals. Among the latter, one of the most common organophosphorus compounds was identified - glyphosate, which is the active substance of many bulk and liquid herbicides. On the basis of information, mainly from foreign articles, the basic principles of accumulation of this substance in wheat grains and animals were formulated.