The control of rabies in wildlife by reducing the fox population has led in Europe to inconsistent results, since little was known of the dynamics of the fox population and the interaction between rabies epidemics, host populations, and control measures. As part of the WHO/FAO Coordinated Research Programme on Wildlife Rabies in Europe, data on epidemics and persisting reservoirs of the disease were processed by computer. The results led to a better understanding of the mechanism of spread of the epidemic and to proposals for the improvement of rabies control in animals and the protection of man.Within the WHO/FAO Coordinated Research Programme on Wildlife Rabies in Europe, intensive epidemiological and ecological studies have been carried out on the interaction between fox populations, rabies, and control measures under different topographical conditions. Moreover, the role of other wild carnivores and the effect of rabies and fox control on these species, as well as on small game and rodents, have been investigated (5,6,7,8). In some European countries, these research projects were supplemented by ecological studies on the composition and annual turnover of stable fox populations and on the recovery rate of fox populations after reduction by rabies and control measures (1,3,9).Not all projects provided a basis for a numerical analysis of different phases of the wavelike spread of the disease. Country-or state-wide rabies records that could be evaluated for this purpose were not accurate enough and special surveys with the most intensive investigations were in areas too small for this analysis.The location of statistically reasonable numbers of rabies cases was therefore determined with ade-
Summary A nomogram is used to express the relationship between percent reduction and mean recovery rates of fox populations as well as the length of recovery periods. Estimates are made of most probable rates of fox population recovery. The estimates are based on epidemiological observations, limits of the annual population turnover, and in particular on hunting figures as an indirect measure of the fox population density in Central Europe. The resulting gradient of the population increase during recovery periods (gradient II in Figure 2 and Table 2) should be considered in the planning and assessment of fox control programmes related to wildlife rabies. The method described for the estimation of population recovery can be applied to other animal species irrespective of the cause of previous reduction. However, the appropriate formula of population growth must be chosen according to the reproduction characteristics of the species concerned. Zusammenfassung Erholung reduzierter Fuchspopulationen in der Tollwutbekämpfung In einem Nomogramm werden der Grad der Verminderung von Populationen, die Dauer der anschließenden Erholungsphase und der mittlere jährliche Zuwachs zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Mit diesem Nomogramm läßt sich für Fuchspopulationen diejenige jährliche Erholungsrate schätzen, die mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit den wahren Verhältnissen entspricht. Die Schätzung basiert auf epidemiologischen Beobachtungen, Grenzwerten des Populationsgeschehens und insbesondere auf Abschußzahlen, wie sie als indirektes Maß der Populationsdichte in Zentraleuropa verwendet werden. Der sich aus der Untersuchung ergebende Gradient für die Populationszunahme während der Erholungsphase (Gradient II in Abb. 2 und Tab. 2) sollte bei der Planung und Bewertung von Fuchsbekämpfungsaktionen im Rahmen der Tollwutbekämpfung berücksichtigt werden. Das zur Schätzung der Erholung von Populationen beschriebene Verfahren läßt sich auf andere Tierspezies, unabhängig von der Ursache der vorangegangenen Verdünnung der Population, anwenden. Bei der Vorbereitung des Nomogramms ist jedoch eine Formel zu wählen, die der Art des Populationswachstums der betreffenden Tierspezies entspricht. Résumé Reconstitution d'une population de renards après reduction par la lutte antirabique La relation entre le pourcentage de réduction de la population des renards, les taux moyens de reconstitution de cette population et le temps de reconstitution est représentée par un nomogramme. Des estimations des taux les plus probables de la reconstitution de la population vulpine sont établies. Ces estimations sont fondées sur les observations épidémiologiques, sur les taux limites du renouvellement annuel de la population et en particulier sur les chiffres des tableaux de chasse qui donnent indirectement des mesures de la densité de la population en Europe centrale. Le gradient d'accroissement de la population pendant les périodes de reconstitution (gradient II de la figure 2 et du tableau 2) devrait être pris en considération lorsqu'on élabore ou qu'on évalue de...
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