An analysis of 2074 papers indexed by Science Citation Index-Expanded and published by different countries on various aspects of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) during 1991 to 2010 indicates that JE is a highly collaborative discipline as judged by the values of co-authorship index and the collaborative coefficient for different countries and different sub-fields. Of the total published papers, about two-third were written in collaboration. Of these, 214 (10 %) were written with local collaboration, 700 (34 %) with domestic collaboration and 478 (23 %) with international collaboration. Among all the countries, USA is the most important partner country for all the collaborating countries. The study indicates that the share of collaborative papers increased almost four times in 2001-2010 as compared to 1991-2000. USA, Japan, Taiwan and India produced about 70 % of domestically co-authored papers. USA also had the largest number (21 %) of the internationally co-authored articles. Among 17 highly collaborative institutions, the highest (six) are from India, and Liverpool University (UK) had the highest number of internationally collaborative papers, followed by Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (USA).