No abstract

Respiratory effects, nausea, somnolence, and pruritus were compared during a 48-hr period of continuous epidural morphine (n = 34) and fentanyl (n = 32) 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48

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The renal excretion of folic acid and methotrexate (MTX) was investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized cynomolgus, rhesus, and AFrican green monkeys by standard clearance and stop-flow techniques. The renal clearance of folic acid was below inulin clearance at all plasma concentrations studied; the (U/P)folic/(U/P)In ratio increased from 0.26 at a concentration of 0.03 mM to a plateau value of 0.9 at concentrations above 0.2 mM, indicating net reabsorption by a saturable system. In stop-flow experiments, base-line (U/P)folic/(U/P)In ratios during free-flow periods were below 1.0, but increased by twofold in stop-flow samples derived from the proximal tubule, indicating net secretion during stopped flow. The stop-flow pattern of MTX excretion was similar, except the base-line flow pattern of MTX excretion was similar, except the base-line (U/P)MTX/(U/P)In ratio exceeded 1.0, indicating net secretion during both free-flow and stopped-flow periods. Secretion of both compounds was inhibited by p-aminohippuric acid and other organic acids but not by L-glutamic acid. It is concluded that folic acid is transported bidirectionally, while evidence was obtained only for secretion of MTX.

No abstract