ZnO nanocrystalline powder was successfully synthesized via coprecipitation method coupled with high annealing treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the NPs have a pure hexagonal wurtzite structure with a mean crystallite size of approximately 59 nm. FESEM observations along with EDS analysis indicated the formation of fine particles in the nanoscale regime, with hexagonal shape and high purity. Both Raman and photoluminescence characterizations confirmed the high crystalline and the optical quality of the synthesized ZnO NPs. The assessment of the impact of ZnO-based nanoparticles and their effects on body and bioaccumulative bioindicators of pollution, Helix aspersa snails was performed in order to preserve the safe development of nanotechnology.