The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Technologies program has set aggressive goals for energy efficiency improvements in buildings that will require collaboration between the DOE laboratories and the building industry. This report details the development of standard or reference energy models for the most common commercial buildings to serve as starting points for energy efficiency research. These models represent reasonably realistic building characteristics and construction practices. Fifteen commercial building types and one multifamily residential building were determined by consensus between DOE,

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