A common, aging-related chronic condition called hypertension frequently results in kidney and heart problems that are quite serious. A number of additional cardiovascular risk variables are frequently reported together with blood pressure. Automated blood pressure testing methods are becoming more and more common in the diagnosis of hypertension. The main or secondary kidney's failure to drain salt at a normal blood pressure is a prerequisite for the pathophysiology of essential hypertension.  Many people with hypertension are unaware of their disease, and among those who have been identified, therapy is typically insufficient. Population-level actions are necessary to stop the onset of hypertension as well as to enhance community hypertension awareness, care, and management. In this review we focus on the epidemiology, risk factors, and diagnosis, screening and preventive measures of hypertension.