In the present study, screening results at 1 month of age resembled the final diagnosis obtained at 6 months of age; out of 31 REFER cases, 26 cases were diagnosed with hearing loss. In contrast, in the multiple institutional study, both unilateral and bilateral REFER rates were much higher than the rates of final hearing loss. Concerning the final diagnoses of bilateral hearing loss, the authors' results (0.10%) and the multiple institutional studies' results (0.05% in low-risk and 2.19% in high-risk neonates) were comparable to the results reported in the USA. To expand the newborn hearing screening program, it is crucial that authority and institutions concerned promote the development of a national or prefecture-based early hearing loss identification and intervention network.

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