Five nitro musk compounds are widely used as fragrance ingredients in perfumes, lotions and detergents; as food additives in cigarettes and fish baits, and in such technical products as herbicide formulations and explosives. Several studies identified nitro musk compounds in aquatic environment samples, human milk and fat samples as highly lipophilic and persistent bioaccumulating environmental pollutants. To examine the compounds for genotoxic activity, musk xylene (1-tert.-butyl-3, 5-dimethyl-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene), musk ketone (4-tert.-butyl-3, 5-dinitro-2, 6-dimethylacetophenone), musk ambrette (l-tert.-butyl-4-methyl-6-methoxy-3, 5-dinitrobenzene), musk moskene (l, 1, 3, 3, 5-pemamethyl-4, 6-di-nitroindane) and musk tibetene (1-tert.-butyl-3, 4, 5-trimethyl-2, 6-dinitrobenzene) were tested for SOS inducing potency in the SOS chromotest with E. coli PQ37 and for sister-chromatid exchange inducing activities in human lymphocytes in vitro both in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolizing system from rat liver S9-Mix. Nitro musks revealed no genotoxicity either in the SOS chromotest with E. coli PQ37 or in the sister-chromatid exchange test with human lymphocytes.

S"um/nary: The bile liquid is preserved with ethanol and the protein is precipitated. Prefractionating is done by liquid-liquid Pxtraction by chloroform and ethyl aceta.t,e. The extra& are eo-1 nmn-chromatographically separated on Florisil and subsequently detect,ed by t hin-layer chromatography. For determining the identit,g of substances, the penta fluorobenzyl derivatives are prepared and chromatographed under the same conditions. Detection is carried out. with the aid of aiiinioiiiacal silver nitrate reagency and ultraviolet irradiat,ion. The highly polar conjugates of chlorophenoxyalkane acids and chlorophenols which are present in the bile are cracked by acid hydrolysis and then cleaned by re-extraction. I n this way, 2, 4-D, MCPA, MCPP, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol were detected from Salmo gnirdneri. 6 ... 21 d after t,he application of t,he herbicides in the catchment area their concentration in the fish bile amounted to about 200 mgil, 90 O;,, of them having been conjiipat,es. Thus, the biliary excretion of xenobiotic substances offers an important new aspect of biomonitoring by means of fish tests, especially in the raiige of subacute and chronic toxicity.

No abstract

Zusarnrnenfassung: Der Bericht gibt einen Uberblick iiber die wesentlichen Veroffentlichungen in den Jahren 1970 und 1971. Der gegenwiirtige Stand der Spurenanalytik organischer Stoffe wird diskutiert . Besondere Beriicksichtigung finden Substanzen biogenen Ursprungs. In der Wasserchemie kann entsprechend dem gegenwartigen Stand die Spurenanalytik organischer Stoffe durch drei Arbeitsschritte charakterisiert werden: Anreicherung -Stofftrennung -Identifizierung und quantitative Bestimmung. Bei der Stofftrennung, Identifizierung und quantitativen Bestimmung zeigt sich die dominierende Stellung der chromatographischen Analysenmethoden. 16'