Chronic pain is associated with psychiatric morbidity. The higher rate of depression than anxiety disorder(s) among patients with chronic pain is consistent with previous studies that have found depression to be highly prevalent in chronic pain.

The TSK appears to have utility in Chinese chronic pain populations. Elucidation of the TSK's psychometrics properties in other Chinese/Asian pain populations with different diagnoses and presentations of pain problems is warranted.

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Prenatal midgut volvulus is difficult to diagnose, and it is particularly difficult to evaluate the degree of rotation, which may be related to prognosis. We present a rare case of prenatal midgut volvulus with a 720 rotation around the superior mesenteric artery diagnosed based on ultrasonography, and jejunal atresia was noted at the same time. This condition was supported by prenatal magnetic resonance imaging and the subsequent postnatal operation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous literature describing similar ultrasound findings in the prenatal period. Recognition of the color Doppler ultrasound imaging findings can help elucidate the relationship among the twisted vessels of midgut volvulus during the prenatal examination.

Objectives: To describe a new sonographic feature of the C-sign for prenatal diagnosis of jejunal atresia and evaluate its role in prenatal jejunal atresia, particularly preceding bowel dilatation and polyhydramnios. Methods: This was a retrospective study from a tertiary maternal hospital. Patients with prenatal sonographic examination and confirmed small bowel atresia postdelivery were included. All sonographic images were reviewed by two senior sonographers. Comparison of sonographic images between prenatal jejunal and ileal atresia using the C-sign resembles the shape of the entire duodenum and other traditional sonographic features. The control group without bowel atresia was assessed for the presence of the C-sign. Results: The C-sign and combined bowel dilatation with polyhydramnios were more frequent in jejunal atresia than ileal atresia, but the C-sign can be used to detect jejunal atresia earlier. The C-sign can be more likely to diagnose jejunal atresia in persisting bowel dilatation and polyhydramnios. The C-sign was not reported in any of the control fetuses. Conclusion:The C-sign is a new sonographic feature that can be used to improve the prenatal accuracy and early detection of jejunal atresia. However, further prospective validation is needed.