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The accuracies of the fixed scatterer approximation (FSA) and the Glauber approximation (GA) are examined for an exactly soluble, one dimensional model which simulates nucleon–nucleus scattering. These approximations are found to work well at unexpectedly low energies. For example, the errors in the FSA and GA for the 'nucleon–deuteron' forward scattering cross section at 10 MeV (laboratory system) are only 5 and 7% respectively. The reason for this success is examined.

The additivities of the partial wave phase shifts (APP) and of the phase in the impact parameter representation (AIP) are examined for models of scattering from two centers which simulate nucleon–deuteron and pion–deuteron scatterings. It is shown that the AIP, which essentially leads to the Glauber approximation, holds very well, whereas the APP fails except for a trivial case.

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