Linear programming technique was applied to farm data obtained from thirty arable crop farmers during 2010 farming season to maximize gross margin from various combination of arable crop and selected livestock enterprises. Optimization and reallocation of available resources were found to bring significant changes in the existing plan. Twenty enterprises were observed in the existing plan made up of one sole crop, fourteen crop mixtures and five livestock enterprises across poultry, fish and piggery which an average farmer would make a gross margin of N232, 317.12. However the LP maximization model recommended that for optimum gross margin of N374, 850.00 which is about 61.35% of the existing gross margin, an average farmer should devote 0.31 hectare to yam/maize/melon, 0.33 hectare to cassava/maize/cocoyam and 1.30 hectares to Cassava/Maize/Yam/Mucuna Floanei while 0.14 of 500 birds of broiler 1 raised usually between January -May and 0.11 of 1000 fish of fish 2 done between July -December and 0.07 of 15 pigs be produced. Given the mean farm size of 0.45 hectares, the farming orientation is still subsistence. It is recommended that crop mixtures be undertaken by farmers in combination with poultry and fish enterprises for improved gross margin. Policies of Government should be geared

Finally, the biological properties demonstrated by the methanol fraction could be attributed to the presence of octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid in it as previously reported.

The study examined climate change and growth rate of food grain output in Nigeria from 1970-2010. Time series data of maize, rice, millet, sorghum, wheat, temperature and rainfall were used for the study. Data analysis involved the use of Descriptive Statistics and the annual additive series (Trend) Analysis measured in years by getting the annual average of parameters which depict the factual position of climate change by variations of the weather parameters over time. Findings showed that the preferred weather parameters (rainfall and temperature), and the food grain (maize, rice, millet, sorghum, wheat) exhibited significant changes in trend of growth during the 1970-2010 period. Rainfall grew at the compound growth rate of 5.3 % more than temperature per annum. The compound growth rate of maize, millet, sorghum, and wheat output were less than the compound growth rate of rice by 0.9%, 6.5%, 5.9% and 6.4% respectively, and the compound growth rate of maize, rice, sorghum, and wheat outputs were more than the Original Research Articlecompound growth rate of millet output by 5.6%, 6.5%, 0.6% and 0.1% respectively. Acceleration was witnessed in the growth rate of temperature, rainfall, sorghum, and millet; deceleration for wheat, while stagnation was witnessed in the growth rate of rice and maize over the 1970-2010 periods. There was significant difference in the average growth rate of rainfall and each of maize, millet, sorghum and wheat yield; and no significant difference between rainfall and rice. There was no significant difference also in the average growth rate of temperature and each of maize, millet, sorghum and wheat yield; but there was significant difference between temperature and rice. The conclusion of the study is that food grain yield was influenced by rainfall and temperature. It is therefore recommended that if increase in food grain production is to be sustained, proper irrigation and drainage should be applied.

Acetaminophen also known as paracetamol, is a drug used in the treatment of pain and fever. It is essentially used for the relief of mild to moderate pain. The presence of phenol and carbonyl oxygen atom enables acetaminophen to behave as a bidentate ligand. The stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs free energies of acetaminophen-Zn (II) were determined colorimetrically at 25 and 40 oC using continuous variation and mole  ratio methods. The formation of Zn (II) complex with acetaminophen was studied colorimetrically at an absorption maximum of 630 nm at different temperatures. The data showed that Zn (II) and acetaminophen combine in the molar ratio of 1:1 at pH 7.4 with ionic strength maintained using 0.1M KNO3. Calculated stability constants values were 2.70 x 103 and 2.20 x 103 using continuous variation method and 7.21 x 103 and 7.21 x 103 using mole ratio methods at 25 and 40 oC respectively. Calculated ΔGƟ for the complex were - 1.96 x 104 and -1.98 x 104 J using continuous variation method and -2.2 x 104 J and - 2.31 x 104 J using mole ratio method at 25 and 40 oC respectively. The stability constant and Gibbs free energy results suggested that acetaminophen used in the study is a good chelating agent and can be an efficient antidote in the therapy of Zn (II) overload or poisoning. Keywords: Acetaminophen, Zinc, complex, stability constant, Gibbs free energy.

The study examined farmers' knowledge of the role of extension services in Akwa-Ibom State. Specifically, the study examined socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers in the study area, ascertained level of farmer's knowledge on the role of agricultural extension in general agricultural development and also identified problems militating against farmers' knowledge of these roles in the state. Multistage sampling techniques were used in selecting 180 respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis while Probit regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that the farmers had high knowledge in areas of role and information transfer through agricultural extension, while they had low knowledge in areas of effective implementation of knowledge and information gained. This has impeded the expected food security the nation hopes to attain through proper training and implementation of programs by farmers. However, major constraints limiting farmers' knowledge in agricultural extension are poor understanding and application of technologies (= 4.4) as well as irregular visit and supervision of farmers by extension agents (= 4.0). Probit regression analysis shows that extension contact (2.705), level of education (3.389), farm status (3.282), income (2.505) and membership of cooperatives (6.012) were positive and highly significantly related to the level of farmers' knowledge in the state. The study therefore recommends that knowledge of extension service should be brought closer to the farmers, through participatory extension approach under stable policy and sustainable institutional arrangement.