We used FDA-approved, edible materials to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings in a simple, low cost, scalable, single step process. Our coatings display high contact angles and low roll off angles for a variety of liquid products consumed daily and facilitate easy removal of liquids from food containers with virtually no residue. Even at high concentrations, our coatings are nontoxic, as shown using toxicity tests.

The purpose of this paper is to present experimental and theoretical information that can serve as source material for those interested in developing an experiment involving the study of interaction.

The purpose of this paper is to represent experimental data and the interpretation of the data as source material for interested individuals who might wish to develop their own experiments on interactions in chemical systems, defined as the deviation of any property of a system from ideality.