No abstract

Background:: Maternal natural killer cells (NK cells) are a prevailing leukocyte population in the uteroplacental bed. Current descriptions of the effect of cytokines from the placental microenvironment on the expression of receptors by trophoblast and NK cells are inadequate and contradictory. There is insufficient information about the ability of NK cells to migrate through trophoblast cells. Objective:: To assess the impact of conditioned media obtained during culturing of placentas from the first and the third trimesters of healthy pregnancies on the phenotype of trophoblast and NK cells and impact on adhesion and transmigration of NK cells through trophoblast cell layer. Results:: We established that conditioned media obtained from both first and third trimester placentas increased the intensity of CD106, CD49e, CD49a, CD31, CD51/61, and integrin β6 expression by trophoblast cells. Conditioned media obtained from first trimester placentas increased the intensity of CD11a, CD29, CD49d, CD58, CD29 expression by NK cells. The presence of conditioned media from third trimester placentas resulted in more intense CD29, CD49d, CD11a, CD29, CD49d, and CD58 expression by NK cells. Migration of NK cells through trophoblast cells in the presence of conditioned media from first trimester placentas was increased compared with the migration level in the presence of conditioned media from third trimester placentas. This may be associated with increased expression of CD18 by NK cells. Conclusion:: First trimester placental secretory products increase adhesion receptor expression by both trophoblast and NK cells. Under these conditions, trophoblast is capable of ensuring NK cell adhesion and transmigration.

TNFα inhibited proliferation and did not inhibit migration JEG-3 trophoblast cells, IL-1β stimulated both cell proliferation and migration, IL-6 and IL-8 stimulated only cell migration, IFNγ has either stimulating or inhibitory effect on proliferation of trophoblast cells depending on its concentration. Cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 stimulated only migration of trophoblast cells. VEGF, PlGF, and TGFβ stimulated both proliferation and migration, and bFGF only migration of trophoblast cells.

We studied the effects of soluble products of the placental tissue from women with normal pregnancy and gestosis on the cytokine secretion by endothelial EA.Hy926 cells. The secretory products of the placental tissue induced the production of angiogenin, bFGF, IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES by endothelial cells. The secretion of bFGF by EA.Hy926 cells increased, while IL-8 secretion decreased under the effects of factors produced by the placental tissue in gestosis but not in normal pregnancy. This could be aimed at reduction of inflammation intensity in the placental tissue and maintenance of endothelial and trophoblast cells viability.