The complexity of the treatment of atopic diseases, including bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria, in pediatric patients lies in the detrimental effect of first-line drugs (glucocorticoids) on children's health and in the low prevalence of types of biological preparations due to limited data on their efficacy and safety, especially for the child population. The work presents a review of data on therapy with biological preparations in various pathological conditions, their effectiveness and safety in the long term. The aim of the review is to summarize the data on the treatment of atopic diseases with biological preparations. Materials and methods. We identified putatively relevant studies by searching MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar electronic databases over the past 7 years using the terms: bronchial asthma; chronic urticaria; atopic dermatitis; biological preparations; omalizumab; dupilumab; mepolizumab; safety; monoclonal antibodies; efficiency. Further, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the independent selection of all authors, the suitable sources were selected and the review was compiled. Results. At the moment, there are not enough long-term studies on this topic, especially in pediatric practice. However, the existing ones allow drawing a preliminary conclusion about the prospects for further study of this topic in the treatment of atopic diseases.

Glycine plays an essential role in human metabolism and nutrition; it is an integral component of many organismal elements, which is an opportunity for the widespread use of this amino acid in various pathologies. The purpose of the review is to combine the available data on the efficacy of glycine therapy in various pathologies. Materials and methods. We identified potentially relevant studies by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Sys tematic Reviews over the last decade up to November 2022 using the terms: glycine, aminoacetic acid, therapy, stroke, stress, chronic stress, oxidative stress, cerebrovascular accidents, alcoholism. Further, ac cording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as by means of independent selection, all the authors of this article selected sources that met the criteria and compiled this review. Results. To date, there are quite a few studies on the use of glycine in various pathologies, however, the available data allow making a conclusion about prospective viability of using glycine in chronic stress, various cognitive impairments, ADHD therapy, chronic alcoholism, post-COVID syndrome, and diseases associated with viral agents.

Omalizumab is one of the longest-used monoclonal antibodies and the first available treatment option for severe allergic asthma in patients aged 6 years and older. Its efficacy and safety were established in several randomized controlled trials, leading to its final registration over 15 years ago. In most cases, long-term treatment with omalizumab is safe and does not increase the risk of adverse reactions. However, over the years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the registration of adverse events associated with the use of omalizumab.

Asthma is a chronic disease of the bronchi: causing swelling and spasms of the mucous membrane, it provokes respiratory disorders and asthma attacks. This disease significantly affects the quality of human life, is included in the list of the 20 most common chronic pathologies among the population. Worldwide, about 300 million people suffer from asthma, and this number is projected to increase to 400 million by 2025. Since the first-line therapy is glucocorticosteroid, characterized by the presence of a large number of undesirable effects on drugs, the question of finding an alternative way to treat asthma is quite significant today. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of antihistamines in the treatment of asthma. Materials and methods. We identified potentially relevant studies by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews over the last 5 years up to November 2022 using the terms: antihistamines, asthma, allergic rhinitis, efficacy, therapy, adverse effects, sedative antihistamines, second generation antihistamines, clinical trials, bronchospasm, histamine. Further, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as independent selection, all the authors of this article selected sources that met the criteria and compiled this review. Results. Therapy of bronchial asthma in combination with allergic rhinitis with antihistamines is effective, and since allergic rhinitis is a frequent comorbidity in cronchial asthma, in view of their associated pathogenesis, antihistamines can be considered quite effective in the treatment of certain types of asthma.

Allergic diseases are a huge problem for the practitioner today. Since 2nd generation antihistamines are the drugs of choice in the treatment of chronic urticaria and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, the practitioner needs to be aware of the pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. The purpose of the review. This article provides an update on the clinical pharmacology, mechanisms of action, and safety of second- generation antihistamines. We identified potentially relevant studies by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews over the last 5 years up to November 2022 using the terms: antihistamines, allergy, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, therapy, safety, efficacy, adverse effects, sedative antihistamines, second generation antihistamines, clinical trials. Further, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as independent selection, all the authors of this article selected sources that met the criteria and compiled this review. Results. Recent studies have shown the efficacy and good tolerability of second-generation antihistamines, confirming their use as first-line drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria.