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A literature review of the natural occurrence and effects of odd numbered fatty acids (CII to C3J in microorganisms, plants and animals is presented. Not only saturated and unsaturated odd numbered fatty acids but also unsaturated fatty acids with unusual position of double bonds seem to be ubiquitous in small amounts.

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Acetylenic compounds especially acetylenic fatty acids (Cl, to Cz1) were first of all identified in higher plants. Their structure is very different with regard to the number of the double and triple bonds per molecule, and the functional groups.The mechanism of the biogenesis and the influencing factors are not definitely clarified. A side pathway of the biogenesis of the saturated fatty acids is supposed. Various physiological effects of the acetylenic fatty acids are presented.