Gastrointestinal (GI) sarcoidosis is a very rare disease, which clinically presents along with systemic disease or as an isolated finding. Gastric sarcoidosis is the most common form of GI sarcoidosis. Symptomatic gastric sarcoidosis is rare and only few case reports have been described in the literature with well-documented histological evidence of noncaseating granulomas. We present an interesting case of gastric sarcoidosis in a 39-year-old Caucasian man with symptoms of epigastric pain and profound weight loss. His endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsies revealed noncaseating granulomas consistent with gastric sarcoidosis. Treatment with oral steroids alleviated his symptoms with no recurrence in 2 years. Gastric sarcoidosis should be considered in patients with history of sarcoidosis and GI symptoms.

Micro-grids in developing countries present a significant application opportunity for photovoltaics (PV) as an energyenabling technology. The authors project 10 GW for this application in the next decade. The growth of this sector will be enhanced by shared learning of the best practices. The authors are part of a team that successfully installed 1/3 MW in micro-grids and presented the lessons learned and a useful methodology for determining key metrics. The PV is part of the rural electrification in India and is representative of current global PV micro-grids. This project provides basic lighting and electricity for 57 villages in Visakhapatnam in India. The project was carried out with a goal of optimizing power against cost. Various metrics are presented: costs, time, operations and maintenance, and performance. Also discussed are implementation strategies for cost containment, stakeholder considerations, and post-install support and user payment collection. Learning points are presented on project execution, engagement of local people, and challenges addressed. The aspect of demand capacity level (hours of availability) is examined in more detail, with modeling being performed to identify an optimal approach to increasing the level given the cost constraints. The combination of real data and modeling is a useful approach for PV and micro-grid optimization. This case study quantitatively supports the value of the use of PV for rural electrification. Beyond this example in India, where the federal government is planning an increase to more than 2000 sites, there is a significant opportunity for PV in the global micro-grid electrification context.

The authors have successfully installed more than 500kW of PV for rural electrification in India and have developed key learning points which can enhance PV adoption. The opportunities for the off-grid power systems are increasing dramatically to where this is no longer a niche application and could be called "non-grid", including the cases where the grid is not reliable and PV becomes an adjacent power source. There are numerous drivers which can develop multiple 10's of GW of nongrid PV demand in the next decade based on leveraging the types of successful implementation as shown by the authors.The authors discuss three key projects: village electrification for lighting in Andhra Pradesh (162 villages 750kW), flour mill powering in Madhya Pradesh (29 Villages 485kW), and power-up of cell towers replacing diesel. The PV and battery combination provide key advantages for each application. In these cases, grid extension is not viable and PV presents a compelling solution over diesel.Key considerations are: diesel is prone to theft; PV/battery is now cost effective, has more robust components, lower pollution, and with longer Li battery lifetimes overall lower O&M.The particulars of the village electrifications are presented along with the overall costs and cost recovery modes with nominal usage fees collected. The compelling aspects for telecom power-up with PV are highlighted as this has potential for up to 5% of all global PV. Both the key application points of the installations and the market opportunity drivers will be detailed. .Index Terms -off-grid, village electrification, micro-grid.

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