The influence of the stirring conditions in the electrolyte on the structure and properties of Ni/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite coatings was studied. The coatings were produced by electrochemical reduction on a copper substrate in a Watts bath modified by nickel grain inhibitor, cationic surfactant and low concentrated nanometric alumina. The process has been carried out with different types of agitation (mechanical, ultrasonic stirring and with a copper rotating disc electrode). The structures of the produced coatings were characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction. The influence of Al 2 O 3 particles on the microhardness of composite coatings was also analysed. The adhesion of the composite coatings to the substrate and coefficient of friction were determined by means of the scratch test. The studies have shown that the bath stirring method affects the content and distribution of the alumina, as well as the properties of the produced composite Ni/Al 2 O 3 coatings.

Nickel matrix composite coatings with ceramic disperse phase have been widely investigated due to their enhanced properties, such as higher hardness and wear resistance in comparison to the pure nickel. The main aim of this research was to characterize the structure and corrosion properties of electrochemically produced Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings. The coatings were produced in a Watts bath modified by nickel grain growth inhibitor, cationic surfactant and the addition of alumina particles (low concentration 5 g/L). The process has been carried out with mechanical and ultrasonic agitation. The Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings were characterized by SEM, XRD and TEM techniques. In order to evaluate corrosion resistance of produced coatings, the corrosion studies have been carried out by the potentiodynamic method in a 0.5 M NaCl solution. The corrosion current, corrosion potential and corrosion rate were determined. Investigations of the morphology, topography and corrosion damages of the produced surface layers were performed by scanning microscope techniques.

Nickel matrix composite coatings with a ceramic disperse phase have been widely investigated due to their enhanced properties, such as higher hardness and wear resistance in comparison to pure nickel. This paper describes the research on nickel and nickel-alumina coatings. The coatings were obtained from a Watts bath with the presence of nickel grain-growth inhibitors by DC (direct current), PC (pulse current) and PRC (pulsed reverse current) plating. The study includes the composite coatings of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline Ni matrix and nanometric Al2O3 particles. In order to ensure uniform co-embedding of the disperse phase particles with a nickel matrix and producing a stable suspension, mechanical agitation was also used. It was proved in our previous investigations that mechanical agitation is the best way of embedding nano-alumina particles in a nickel matrix. The effect of the electroplating techniques on the microstructure (SEM -scanning electron microscopy, STEMscanning transmission electron microscopy, XRD -X-ray diffraction, surface profile) of Ni and Ni/Al2O3 composite coatings was investigated. In order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the produced coatings, the corrosion studies were carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the potentiodynamic method in a 0.5-M NaCl solution. Bode diagrams obtained by impedance spectroscopy method were established. The equivalent electric circuit and its parameters were determined to interpret impedance spectra. The corrosion current and corrosion potential were determined. Investigations of the corrosion damage to the produced surface layers were performed by scanning microscope techniques. The completed studies have shown that the type of current significantly affects the structure of the nickel and composite coatings, as well as their corrosion properties. Keywords: nanocomposites, Ni/Al 2 O 3 coatings, corrosion resistance, pulse electrodeposition Matrike nikljevih kompozitnih oblog, razpr{enih s kerami~no fazo, so pogosto raziskovali zaradi njihovih izbolj{anih lastnosti, kot na primer zaradi ve~je trdote in odpornosti proti obrabi, v primerjavi s~istim nikljem.^lanek opisuje raziskave na nikljevih in nikelj-aluminijevih premazih. Prevleke so bili narejene iz Watts kopeli s prisotnostjo inhibitorjev rasti zrn niklja s povr{insko obdelavo z enosmernim (DC), impulznim (PC) in impulzno-povratnim (PRC) tokom. [tudija vklju~uje mikrokristalne in nanokristalne prevleke kompozitov Ni matrike in nanometrskih Al2O3 delcev. Da bi zagotovili enotno delovanje vgrajevanja disperzne faze delcev z matriko Ni in pripravo stabilne suspenzije, je bilo uporabljeno tudi mehansko spodbujanje z me{anjem. Dokazano je bilo, da je mehanska spodbuda najbolj{i na~in utrjevanja delcev aluminijevega oksida v Ni matriki. Raziskan je bil u~inek tehnik povr{inske obdelave na mikrostrukturo (SEM -elektronska mikroskopija, STEM -transmisijska elektronska mikroskopija, XRD -rentgenska difrakcija, povr{inski profil) niklja in Ni/Al2O3 kompozita. Da bi ocenili odpo...

Przenoszenie zadań zwyczajowo zarezerwowanych dla organów państwowych na podmioty prywatne jest faktem. Wiąże się to jednak z przekazaniem na rzecz tych podmiotów części kompetencji w kreowaniu praw i obowiązków jednostki. Najczęściej władczą formę wyrazu ich woli pełnią regulaminy. Charakteryzują się one różną formą, treścią, a nawet funkcją. Jednocześnie jednak regulaminy, zależąc wyłącznie od woli podmiotów prywatnych, niejednokrotnie zbyt dalece ingerują w sferę wolności i praw ich odbiorców. Tym samym badania dotyczące ich istoty i przede wszystkim treści, w kontekście postępującego i skomplikowanego procesu "prywatyzacji bezpieczeństwa", wydają się tym istotniejsze. Stąd w opracowaniu podjęto się próby analizy opatrzonej krótkim komentarzem wobec postanowień regulaminów pływalni publicznych, imprezy masowej, obiektu (terenu) sportowego, a także klubu nocnego.Słowa kluczowe: analiza regulaminów, praca badawcza, raport z badań 1 Analiza wykonana w ramach projektu badawczego "Prywatna ochrona bezpieczeństwa i jej normy", "Niepaństwowe prawo" NCN OPUS -5 Dec -2013/09/B/ HS5/02671, której przedmiotem były regulaminy: obiektu sportowego należącego do klubu Wisła Kraków S.A. oraz regulamin imprezy masowej -meczu piłki nożnej odbywającego się na stadionie Wisły Kraków S.A., krytej pływalni Kozienice, Aquaparku Radom, klubu nocnego DeLitte.

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