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This study presents application of a new linear and nonlinear fractional derivative two compartmental model to the evaluation of individual pharmacokinetics. In the model, the integer order derivatives are replaced by derivatives of real order. A specific nonlinear function is used for the fit improvement of a fractional derivative two compartmental model with the mass balance conservation. The agreement of the values predicted by the proposed model with the values obtained through experiments with bumetanide tablets in human volunteers is shown to be good. Thus, pharmacokinetics of bumetanide can be described well by a linear or a nonlinear two compartmental model with fractional derivatives of the same order proposed here. Parameters in the model are determined by the least squares method and the particle swarm optimization numerical procedure is used. The results show that the linear fractional order two compartmental model for bumetanide is useful improvement of the classical (integer order) two compartmental model and that the nonlinear fractional order model is useful improvement of the linear model in a great number of volunteers.

Blood loss can be measured directly and indirectly. The latter reflects blood loss through the assessment of hemoglobin level. Thus aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the drop in hemoglobin levels blood loss calculation when transfused blood volume is taken into account on the patients who underwent aneurysmectomy and to estimate whether this model is applicable on geriatric population. In this study, 14 patients were included and their blood loss was calculated based on hemoglobin concentration. Linear correlation (y = 0.18467 + 1.19315·x) with high correlation coefficient (r = 0.90809) was found between calculated and collected blood loss only if transfused blood volume was taken into account. The coefficient of the regression slope for the blood volume measured during surgery and the calculated blood loss in eight patients ≤65 years (y = 0.90866 + 0.86296·x) and six patients >65 years (y = 0.0299 + 1.32707·x) did not show any significant difference. The applicability of the indirect measurement of surgical blood loss, when transfused blood volume was taken into account, was demonstrated in both populations, in the age of 65 and less and in the age over 65 years after aneurysmectomy.

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and InsUtute of Maternal and Child Health NoviSad, YugoslaviaThe pde d phenacetin-containiugaxtalgesics may result in various pathologlc effects in the circuiaUng blood and/or in the bone marrow. These pathologlc effects can be provoked by standard doses of phenacetin, by acute phenaceUn intoxication, and by the long-term use of the drug, Le., chmnic phenacetinism.This paper describea an effect of chromc phenacethism not yet fully recognized. In c a m patients consuming 1-7.5 gm phenaceth daily for 0.5-16 years, we found a dlsturtunce of iron uZilhaUon by the normoblasts d the bone marrow, referred to aa *Reprmt requests: Dr. Koata Popovi6, Interno odeljen~e U P k e b o h c e , 21000 Novi Sad., Hajduk Veljkovz 1, Yugoebviz 58 5 Copynp C 1 9 4 byM.rccl Dekkn.1~. AU R i @ m R a m e d Nether lhm *ot mun pa mrv b rrpodrndavvaruired inmy lama by am m a r r elarrmnr a m d u m a l . UulUdunJ phaocopmrg. nwc4ihrq. ud recadma. a ty any tnfa~cw aongcud CRml I V P~ wnboul p a m n c m ID ~f m m c h r p r M s b a Clinical Toxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 12/09/14 For personal use only. Clinical Toxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 12/09/14 For personal use only. Clinical Toxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 12/09/14 For personal use only. Clinical Toxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 12/09/14 For personal use only.