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The great economic importance of grapevine relies on the production of fresh fruits and refined products (wines, juices, raisins). The elevating trade requirements for the quality of grape products enforces the application of up to date methods and approaches for characterization of grape genetic resources and improvement of grape breeding process.Here we describe the recent development and directions of research, related to application of microsatellite markers for cultivar identification to genome mapping in Bulgaria. Information on the utilization of the microsatellite markers for precise identification of grape cultivars, verification of synonyms/homonyms, parentage analysis as well as for practical bulk testing of planting materials from nurseries is provided. A recently initiated research directed to mapping of QTLs for fungal disease resistance is outlined.