higher consumer satisfaction level by fewer and shorter Abstract--Working outages such as component maintenance/ interruptions. exchange and system extension are important causes resulting in Outage scheduling is to determine the time interval for the out-of-service of customers in distribution systems. To have service zones that will be interrupted for engineering works.minimal frequency, duration, and loading of interruption whileThe optimal solution will not only depend on the time duration complete the scheduled works is much concerned in the more and needed for the work but also on the configuration of feeders more competitive power market. nde foraterist of the co nfigurvice ones.der In this paper, a reliability-centered outage scheduling and the characteristics ofthe customers in the service zones. It approach for distribution feeders is proposed. With considering is expected that the outage fulfilled during low load period daily load patterns, composite load profiles of the sections to be will result in higher reliability indices compared with that in scheduled are exploited to find the minimal energy not supplied high load period. Since distribution feeder is usually in radial (ENS) during the outage. Availability of inter-feeder load structure, reliability indices can be improved by carefully transfer is considered to avoid unnecessary load interruptions in planning inter-feeder load transfer for the customers of the the scheduling. A set of reliability-grade variation (SRGV) is defined to guide the approach to find the reliability-centered downstream service zones in case their upstream service zone solution. By using heuristic rules and SRGV defined, the is interrupted for works.proposed reliability-centered outage scheduling strategy Reliability evaluation for distribution systems has long been performs effectively. A numerical example is illustrated to concerned and well developed [1]- [3]. Algorithms of demonstrate the process and a practical system is simulated to maintenance scheduling for distribution systems have been test the effectiveness of the proposed approach.proposed and linked with reliability assessment [4]-[6].Index Terms--reliability-centered outage scheduling, daily Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a qualitative load pattern, inter-feeder load transfer, heuristic rules, Outage systematic approach to organizing maintenance in depth to Management System (OMS) system reliability. Maintenance scheduling for distribution system has been dealt with from reliability-centered point of

Aircraft approaching is the most dangerous phase in every complete flight. To solve the pressure of air traffic controllers and the landings delayed problems caused by the huge air traffic flow in Terminal Control Area (TCA), an automatic Air Traffic Control (ATC) instructions system is initially designed in this paper. It applies the fuzzy theory to make instant and appropriate decisions which can be transmitted via Controller-Pilot Datalink Communications (CPDLC). By means of the designed system, the decision-making time can be saved and the human factors can be reduced to avoid the flight accidents and further delays in aircraft approaching.

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a critical component in the IC packaging process. Manufactured PCBs are typically designed for use by a specific kind of chip and cannot be used for multiple chip types. However, allowing different kinds of chips to be served by a single PCB would greatly improve material preparation and production processes. However, the design and manufacturing of PCB for use in multiple chip types raises issues related to minimizing the use of gold wire. Traditional manual methods rely extensively on experience. This paper applies Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods to identify optimal positioning with experimental results showing a 20% reduction of gold wire in multi-use PCB.

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