Excessive uses of polymer plastics in boundless spheres have resulted in waste accumulation. There is an urgent need for switching over to compostable and biodegradable plastics that too from renewable resources. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a unique biopolymer which is biodegradable and most close to plastics which is miscible with the conventional plastic. The adaptation and commercialization of PHB depend upon its ready availability in a pocketfriendly manner. The following presentation attempts to discuss economic strategies to reduce the production costs of PHB as well as its expeditious production from Agri-byproducts and its applications in various fi elds. Various sources like microorganisms, genetically modifi ed bacteria, plants and different methods are being looked into, so that quality, quantity and fi nancial side of PHB production can be controlled. It is presented here that PHB production is a natural capability of microbes exploited recently. This potential in the form of new technology is contributing to fulfi l the need of plastic along with the environmental beauty and cleanliness. Novel bacterial fermentation strategies of polyhydroxybutyrate production, for improved productivity and quality of PHB for commercial production are summarized here.