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Karnataka to standardize the dual colour tinting technology in gerbera and carnation by using 6 different food dyes combinations (Red and Yellow, Orange and Green, Yellow and Pink, Red and Green, Blue and Green, Orange and Yellow) along with control at five per cent concentration along with three different immersion time (7.5, 10 and 12.5 hrs). The tinted flowers were evaluated for colour intensity, vase life, volume of water uptake and relative water content (RWC).The results showed that the control flowers immersed for 7.50 hrs recorded the higher vase life, water uptake and relative water content. Flowers treated with Orange and Green, Blue and Green, Orange and Yellow immersed for 12.50 hrs was found superior with respect to colour intensity and consumer preference with formation of intensified attractive tinted flowers.

The present study on processing management of pomegranate squash making was conducted in Koppal and Vijayapura districts of North Karnataka based on the highest area and production and higher concentration of pomegranate fruit processing units with the objective to analyze the value addition process and its economics. The results were based on primary data collected, with the sample size of twenty wholesalers cum commission agents, four processing units and twenty retailers from each district. The total cost incurred by the pomegranate squash processor, wholesaler-cum-commission agent and retailers in processing, storing, transporting and marketing hundred lit of squash was Rs. 8904, Rs. 211 and Rs. 102. The net price received by them after deducting marketing charges is accounted for Rs. 2298, Rs. 1665 and Rs. 2400 per hundred liters, respectively. The extent of value addition was found to be 58 per cent along with the processors share in consumer's rupee to the tune of 57 per cent. Non-availability of infrastructure facilities like cold storage, grading and processing were the major problems faced by the value chain actors in its value addition and are the resultant of lower returns in value addition and its marketing. Therefore, suitable infrastructure facilities are essential to stabilize the returns of fruit growers and other value chain actors in fruits value chain, by increasing the storage life of the fruits by adding value to them in different ways by different value addition processes.

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The present study on economics of processing and marketing of grapes in raisin and wine making was conducted in Vijayapura and Belagavi districts of north Karnataka. Based on the higher concentration of area and production of the fruits, the objective to analyze the costs and returns in processing grapes into different value added products like raisins and wine was conducted. The results were based on primary data collected, with the sample size of eight processing units, twenty wholesaler cum commission agents and twenty retailers for each of the value added product. The results revealed that the total cost incurred by the processors in processing of grapes into one quintal of raisin and hundred lit of wine was of Rs. 5835and Rs. 5856, respectively. The degree of value addition in the cases of grape raisin and grape wine was found to be 56.22 and 56.88 per cents, respectively. The marketing cost incurred by the retailers in marketing one quintal of grape raisin and hundred lit of grape wine was found to be Rs. 95 and Rs. 65, respectively. Since the stake holders in value chain of both the cases of value added products (raisin and wine) are not integrated, there is a great opportunity to integrate and strengthen the value chain in processing and marketing of those value added final products. The concerned statutory bodies have to give due attention for providing proper approach roads to the farms, processing units, cold storage and marketing facilities.