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A new time projection chamber (TPC) was developed for neutron lifetime measurement using a pulsed cold neutron spallation source at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Managing considerable background events from natural sources and the beam radioactivity is a challenging aspect of this measurement. To overcome this problem, the devel- oped TPC has unprecedented features such as the use of polyether-etherketone plates in the support structure and internal surfaces covered with 6 Li-enriched tiles to absorb outlier neutrons. In this paper, the design and performance of the new TPC are reported in detail.