Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is one of the most common viruses on cereal crops in Poland. Studies were undertaken aiming at molecular characterization of Polish isolates of the virus. The presence of two main groups, WDV-barley-and WDV-wheat-specific forms, in field samples has been confirmed. Detection and differentiation of WDV isolates was conducted using immuno-capture polymerase chain reactions. The studies were carried out on a set of 68 samples collected from different parts of the country. Obtained results demonstrated that WDV-wheat-specific form can infect all tested cereals: wheat, triticale, rye and barley while WDV-barley-specific form was identified mainly in barley and in rare cases in wheat plants. Comparative analysis of coat protein gene was performed using 16 WDV isolates originated from different hosts revealed high (>98%) nucleotide sequence identity. Moreover, WDVwheat-specific (Pol-WDV-W) and WDV-barley-specific (WDV-B) isolates were fully sequenced. Based on nucleotide sequence similarity, Pol-WDV-W should be classified as WDV-E and WDV-B as WDV-F strains. This is the first report of the complete sequence of WDV isolates from Poland.