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Edible coatings are thin layers of edible materials formed directly on fruits, usually by immersing the fruits in a coating material solution, and they are one of the most intriguing food developments in recent years. Colorants, flavours, nutrients, and anti-browning and antimicrobial agents can all be carried by edible coatings, extending shelf life and reducing pathogen growth on food surfaces. To manage moisture transfer, gas exchange, or oxidative processes, edible coatings can be applied using various procedures such as dipping, spraying, or coating. Because these systems have a larger surface area, nanoparticles may help to improve the barrier characteristics and functionality of fruit preservation coatings. Antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) are employed as matrixes in edible coatings and films (ECF), which are then applied to fruits to extend shelf life and improve storage quality. Nano Chitosan is one of the most prevalent polysaccharides, protein, and lipid-based edible coatings. These are characterised by poor gas and water barrier qualities, and they are frequently used as moisture loss sacrifice agents. Therefore, the purpose of this book chapter is to study the effect of nano edible coatings such as chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP), chitosan-methyl cellulose/silica (SiO2), gelatin-fiber/titanium dioxide (TiO2), gelatin-chitosan/ (Ag/ZnO), Gelatin/kafirin to quality attributes and prolonging the shelf life of fruits.

Risk analysis is traditionally considered a critical activity for the whole software system"s lifecycle. Risks are identified by considering technical aspects (e.g., failures of the system, unavailability of services, etc.) and handled by suitable countermeasures through a refined design. A modified Tropos goal model was developed in which the evidence of satisfaction and denial of the goal is calculated from the likelihood of the events corresponding to the goals. Relations are defined between multiple goals and events, which define the importance of a particular goal. The event may be considered as a risk according to their likelihood value. So the inter relation values of the goals and events gives the impact of that event on the particular goal. In order to analyze the risk in achieving some particular goals, a set of candidate solutions are generated. The candidate solutions are evaluated on the basis of a risk affinitive value of the goals according to their events. The risk affinitive value is calculated from the different set of risk parameters, which is set like high, medium and low. The risk parameters clearly evaluate the affinity of that event to a particular set of goals. A priority based parameter is added to the proposed approach to sort out the risk values. According to the proposed approach distinct cost to risk values are achieved. Finally, the candidate solutions with low cost are selected.

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