This paper contributes to the sustainability debate by analyzing the inclusion dimension in the responsible research and innovation (RRI) process. RRI is claimed to be an important tool for addressing global challenges and achieving sustainable development goals. While stakeholder involvement is considered to be imperative for the RRI process, there is little empirical evidence on (1) who the stakeholders participating in the RRI process are; (2) when stakeholders participate; (3) how stakeholders’ inclusion contributes to the sustainable innovation process; and (4) who the agents are who orchestrate stakeholders’ inclusion. This paper addresses the issue of stakeholder involvement through the lens of innovation management literature by attempting to link the innovation process to the responsibility concept. We employed a meta-synthesis of empirical studies of RRI to develop a deep understanding of stakeholder inclusion. After screening 139 articles, we identified seven empirical papers highlighting RRI process, mainly from projects nested in academic contexts. The findings indicate that multiple stakeholders are included at a late stage of the innovation process—during the market launch. To some extent, this allows for the adaptation of the solution, but such adaptations are limited in nature. This study also identifies the agents who stimulate stakeholder inclusion as being mainly academic researchers and researchers linked to multi-institutional projects. Our findings indicate that innovation management thinking is rarely applied in the governance of research and innovation projects ‘born’ in academia. We suggest enhancing RRI theoretical development by incorporating elements of innovation management such as early inclusion of users in the innovation process. For practitioners, this means an extension of the design space to allow early stakeholder inclusion in the innovation process to ensure responsible outcomes. We also identified avenues for future research. There is a need to systematically investigate which tools and frameworks for deliberate stakeholder inclusion are relevant at the various stages of the innovation and development process.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify dynamic capabilities in joint R&D projects, that enable them to successfully achieve knowledge creation and discover how they behave throughout the life cycle of a collaborative project, although this understanding could enhance the interorganizational knowledge creation process. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted 65 semi-structured interviews and utilized secondary data from a joint R&D project. The authors analyzed all data using the Gioia method. Findings The authors confirm that specific dynamic capabilities are needed to create interorganizational knowledge and discovered 11 knowledge-based dynamic capabilities (KBDCs) for successful innovation results in joint R&D projects. Gioia method allowed to discover that different KBDCs are necessary for the different phases of the project lifecycle. Additionally, the authors identify two microprocesses in which KBDCs are engaged in joint R&D projects, knowing that is a part of the sensing and seizing processes and synthetizing that is a part of the seizing process, and establish several KBDC microfoundations. Research limitations/implications We used retrospective interviews. This kind of interviews are impacted by the experiences of the respondents lived after they have participated in the joint R&D project. Practical implications Dynamic capabilities for collaborative knowledge creation and their specific microfoundations can help managers delineate their strategic practices and actions to achieve more sustainable, long-lasting results from joint R&D projects. Originality/value The authors improve Teece’s model and propose two microprocesses in which dynamic capabilities are engaged, that emerged in the context of a joint R&D project, knowing that is a part of the sensing and seizing processes and synthetizing that is a part of the seizing process, which supplement those already known: sensing, seizing and transforming. The authors tested the Gioia method, which is important for detecting dynamic capabilities; therefore, the authors propose a methodological advance that can contribute to future studies. The authors provide an interorganizational perspective on KBDC and a methodological view of the changes in KBDCs required for joint R&D projects.

This paper analyses the role of universities as orchestrators of the development of a regional ecosystem that is conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. We argue that universities in emerging economies, due to many social challenges, must go beyond their missions of teaching, research, and collaboration with industry for innovation. We present a unique case study of an alliance of three universities in Porto Alegre, Brazil that, in addition to being competitors in the above‐mentioned missions, are orchestrating a network of stakeholders in this region to develop an ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship. We demonstrate that universities perform several orchestration processes that are consistent with the literature, such as fostering knowledge mobility, managing innovation appropriability, and increasing network stability. Furthermore, we found differences in how innovation ecosystems are orchestrated as compared to firm networks. In the case of innovation ecosystems, appropriability reaches the broader region, and the benefits are not limited to participant stakeholders. Such orchestration processes emerge when universities take on leadership positions in the region; they can influence the beginning of collective actions and projects as well as transfer responsibility, delegating power to other actors in the network.

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RESUMO Recentes estudos apontam a necessidade de abertura do modelo de P&D para uma maior interação, complementaridade e cooperação com atores externos. Assim, o ambiente da empresa passa a ser um ecossistema de relacionamentos orgânicos entre as diversas fontes de conhecimentos que interagem de forma dinâmica, criando o conhecimento aplicado no processo de P&D. A questão que se coloca para a presente pesquisa é: "Quais são as práticas colaborativas de P&D em uma indústria de alta complexidade tecnológica e como ocorrem?". Para lançar luz à presente pesquisa, buscou-se investigar projetos colaborativos de P&D na indústria brasileira de semicondutores. O presente artigo investiga a estrutura dos projetos colaborativos de P&D na indústria de semicondutores conduzidos no Brasil, bem como desvenda as práticas colaborativas mais comuns entre os atores. Para o estudo de campo, foram investigados 21 projetos de P&D, desenvolvidos por design houses brasileiras de 2008 a 2013. O estudo faz uma abordagem contextual dos projetos brasileiros, identificando quem são os principais atores, quais as suas contribuições mais relevantes e as formas de colaboração com seus parceiros. Os resultados demonstram uma série de práticas colaborativas nos projetos de P&D. Na nascente indústria nacional de semicondutores, existe uma diversidade de interações entre fornecedores, clientes, universidades e agências de fomento, inclusive com concorrentes estrangeiros. De acordo com os resultados do estudo, parece possível enfatizar que, na indústria brasileira, há um conjunto amplo de laços não familiares e bastante fluidos, que se movem e configuram-se rapidamente. Cabe também ressaltar que o governo tem um papel importante na influência da inovação, baseando-se no princípio da interdependência, haja vista a criação de mecanismos dinâmicos e o fomento por parte de políticas públicas e ações governamentais, principalmente aquelas ações para incentivo da inovação e interação entre os atores, formação e capacitação de pessoas, exploração do comércio internacional, incentivo à captação de recursos, redução da carga tributária etc. Entre as principais práticas colaborativas empregadas, estão a colaboração em P&D e aspectos gerenciais, a cocriação a montante e a jusante na cadeia produtiva, o financiamento de P&D e a aquisição de tecnologia.