Marcus et al. (Bioinformatics 2014) proposed to use a compressed de Bruijn graph as a description of a pan-genome, comprising the genomes of many individuals/strains of the same or closely related species. Subsequent work improved the construction of the compressed de Bruijn graph in terms of run-time and memory consumption. According to the Computational Pan-Genomics Consortium (Briefings in Bioinformatics 2016), a pan-genome data structure should support the following functionality: "All information within a data structure should be easily accessible for human eyes by visualization support on different scales." However, a pan-genome graph can have thousands to millions of nodes and such an amount of information is certainly not easily accessible for human eyes. Thus, the possibility to construct pangenome subgraphs on demand would be quite valuable. In this article, we use the space-efficient representation of the compressed de Bruijn graph devised by Beller and Ohlebusch (Algorithms for Molecular Biology 2016) to construct pan-genome subgraphs on the fly. The user can specify a region in one of the genomes and the software tool will build a subgraph that contains the path corresponding to that region and all paths that are in the neighborhood of that path. The size of the neighborhood can be controlled by the user.

This Article is a revised and extended version of the paper titled "Sub-district Municipalities Removed in the Light of 20014 Local Elections" which was presented during 12 th Public Administration Forum hosted by Adnan Menderes University on 12 th-14 th September, 2014. bstract: Law no 6360 of 2012 on "The Establishment of Fourteen Metropolitan Municipalities and Twenty-Seven Districts and Amendments at Certain Law and Decree Laws" was often focused starting from its drafting process. However, it is considered that removal of sub-district municipalities as foreseen by the Law was not discussed in-depth despite the developing literature in this field. In fact, characteristics of sub-district municipalities are pretty important in terms of democracy theory and the relationship between local governments and democracy. In this study, removal of sub-district municipalities has been discussed in terms of subsidiarity, representation, participation and efficiency, in an indirect way, taking into account the views above and Değirmendere Municipality case. Değirmendere Municipality, which had considerable municipality experience in terms of local governments and was removed by Law no 5747 of 2008, was chosen as a model since it represents an important experience in this field and it was annexed to Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality which was stated in the explanatory note of the Law no 6360. In this regard, general findings of the literature in this topic is evaluated and developments in Değirmendere case is analysed through interviews with the previous and current managers of the municipality in this article. Based on the results, it is argued that success of Değirmendere sample in efficiency, after a choice between efficiency and democracy, tends to represent some serious problems for the essence of local governments.

Bu çalışma 1950-1960 yılları arasında yayımlanan köy romanlarının modernleşme ve ulus-inşası süreçleriyle olan ilişkisini milliyetçilik ve ulusal alegori olgularının ışığında çözümlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Genelde edebiyat, özelde ise roman türü, Tanzimat Dönemi’nden itibaren belirleyici bir paradigma olarak modernleşme süreci ve özellikle 1923’ten sonra devlet eliyle yürütülen bir proje olarak ulus inşası ile yoğun bir ilişki içinde olmuştur. Ancak ellili yıllarda popülerlik kazanan köy romanı, yazarları, konuları, anlatının geçtiği mekan ve edebi akımlar içerisinde yerleştirileceği konum itibarıyla önemli farklar arz eder. Öyle ki, o güne değin bir “ulusal alegori” niteliği taşıyan Türk romanının bu vasfından radikal bir şekilde uzaklaşır. Çalışma bu uzaklaşmadan hareketle köy romanı hakkında iki temel soruyu yanıtlamaya çalışır: 1) Önceki dönem romanında temel paradigmayı oluşturan modernleşme ve milliyetçilik olgularının izleri köy romanında ne ölçüde takip edilebilir? 2) Köy romanlarının sunduğu içerik ve anlatı özellikleri romanın alegorik vasfının aşılmasına ve yeni bir estetik anlayışına karşılık gelmektedir midir?

No abstract