Cluster headache has not been fully investigated in Asians. One hundred and four patients (90M/14F; mean age 39.2 +/- 12.2 years) with cluster headache were recruited from two major headache clinics in Taiwan. They filled out a structured cluster headache questionnaire. All participants were diagnosed to have episodic cluster headache. Mean age of onset was 26.9 years; mean latency of diagnosis was 8.1 years. A trend of decrease in male/female ratio with time was noted. Seventy-three percent were ex- or current smokers (M: 79%, F: 36%). Restlessness was reported by 51% patients. Only 1 patient (1%) reported visual aura. Patients responded well to standard acute and prophylactic treatment. The monthly incidence of cluster period was inversely related to sunshine duration. Compared to Western series, our patients were different in several aspects including the absence of chronic cluster headaches and a low prevalence of restlessness and aura. Racial and geographical factors might contribute to these discrepancies.

We design and synthesize a series of high-mobility n-type polyelectrolytes with different anions via quaternisation polymerisation, which can be utilized as thickness-insensitive electron-transporting materials for polymer solar cells.

Electron-heating measurements were carried out to measure the electron-phonon scattering rates in CuCr thin films. We examined free-standing and supported films whose thickness and width span lengths comparable to the mean thermal-phonon wavelength. The measured scattering rate was proportional to T 2 from 0.5 to 10 K, independent of sample configuration. We observe that the quantization of the phonon spectrum required by sample dimensions has no effect on the temperature dependence of the electron-phonon scattering rate.I 156

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the optoelectronic properties, there are several requirements for interfacial materials, such as the formation of Ohmic contact between electrode and photoactive layer, [ 13 ] the appropriated surface energy of fi lm that can induce favorable phase segregation of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) fi lms, [ 14,15 ] as well as the long-term chemical and physical stability. [ 8,16 ] Given that the fabrication of multilayer devices based on solution-processing techniques may suffer from interfacial erosion issue, the interlayers are required to be robust enough to tolerate the deposition solvents. [ 17 ] An effective approach to achieve robust interfacial layer is the utilization of crosslinkable materials, which has advanced solvent-resisting property and can prevent the potential erosion during sequential spin-coating procedure. [18][19][20] In this respect, a range of crosslinkable conjugated polymers have been developed as promising candidates for interfacial modifi cation. Conventional approaches to prepare crosslinkable conjugated polymers are chemically tethering functional groups such as oxetane groups, [ 21 ] alkyl-bromide, [ 22 ] azide, [ 23 ] and vinyl, [ 24 ] into the polymer chains. Based on these copolymers, crosslinked fi lms can be achieved through the crosslinking reactions triggered by either thermal or ultraviolet light. [ 25 ] However, the crosslinking reactions of functional groups typically require initiators, which may potentially decrease the device life-time. Although in some cases the initiators are not necessary, they need relative long time to attain a well crosslinked fi lm, which is unfavorable for the applications toward high-throughput R2R techniques. Thus, it is of vital importance to develop highly effi cient crosslinking strategy that can be accomplished under low activation energy, which bearing a fast reaction rate of the functional groups to reduce possible decomposition of the conjugated polymers during the crosslinking process.Click chemistry has been extensively investigated due to its advantages of highly selective, mild reaction conditions, easy purifi cation, and can give a wide range of molecular systems with high yields. [ 26,27 ] It is well-established that the "click" reaction of thiols and enes groups is very effi cient and can be fi nished within tens of seconds, [ 28,29 ] and most importantly, the reaction can be easily triggered by directly exciting thiol-groups upon the absorption of a photon of UV-light. [29][30][31]