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Abstract-For improving the operation of supply chain it is necessary to use coordination mechanisms. This paper investigates the subject of coordination in two-level supply chain using contracts mechanism. By applying contractual relationships among members of a supply chain, double marginalization can be eliminated. We consider a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. A stochastic and two-periodic demand is considered. For obtaining more conformation of model with real conditions, it is assumed that the retailer is faced with return of goods from customer. We determine contractual parameters for achieving the coordination. Modeling and determination of parameters will be done in such a way that win-win condition is provided for both members of supply chain. We compare insurance contract with revenue sharing contract. We find that the expected profit of the supplier with insurance contract will be improved in compared with the revenue sharing contract.

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There are many ways to send and receive an electronic message, but SMS is more popular and nowadays used for one time password (OTP) as a part of authentication in many web applications, internet of things (IoT) access, password reset, mobile banking (M-banking), etc. Therefore, we must know how the protocol works and about its security. This protocol is designed to manage federatively (i.e., the mobile network is managing partially by many independent operators and it doesn’t need to have a central operator for the whole network. Also, many independent centrally managed networks can connect together to make a bigger network). We reviewed SMS protocol and its network structure, message structure, network entities, entities’ connection, and some security-related issues. Finally, this protocol is evaluated if it can provide Identification, Authentication, Integrity, Nonrepudiation, Confidentiality, and Availability.