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Multiple injuries and fatalities occur during confined space entry work more than any other type of work performed in all developed countries. This research aimed at evaluating employee's awareness of confined spaces basic concepts and work hazards, and to generally assess the entry program used to access these confined spaces. The data were collected from a random sample of factories and industries in Khartoum north industrial area. A questionnaire was the instrument used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using standard Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results demonstrated lack of employee's awareness regarding the concept of confined spaces and hazards of working. It also shows failure of (80%) of workplaces to conduct confined space training, ensure supervision and provide procedures reinforcing the need for a comprehensive confined space safety program. It also demonstrated little evidence of a safe system of work in many of the cases. Over (82%) of the confined spaces were permitted to be entered without pre-entry hazards identification. In addition no atmospheric gases monitoring before or during entry (0%) since over (80%) of spaces expected to contain atmospheric hazards depending on confined space location, construction, condition, and work to be performed. also no effective nor adequate emergency rescue procedures were hold. The results showed that the most important reasons for confined spaces accidents and fatalities were lack of employees' perception of hazards from working in confined spaces, and scarcity of designing appropriate preventive measures and entry written programs by companies. Accordingly, the study will help in putting the companies comply with their own procedures and practices, and to maintain the safety of the employees.

The increasing demand for transportation fuel, due to increased urbanization, is now compounded by depleting and unstable crude oil reserves. Furthermore, the volatile market and the negative environmental impact of fossil fuels have driven the usage of biomass as a potential energy source. Of particular interest are biomass waste and baobab shells present an interesting option. The objective of this study is to produce bio oil by a fast pyrolysis process from baobab shells. The effect of reaction temperature, biomass particle size and fluidizing gas flow rate on the liquid product yield are investigated. The maximum liquid yield obtained was 36.6% at 500 OC at a N2 gas flowrate of 11.6 l/min and a particle size of less than 0.5 mm.

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Aligning employees with the organization’s strategic goals has become increasingly important as organizations strive to achieve the optimum levels in organizational performance, profitability and business sustainability. The aim of this study was to revealthe main barriers in the alignment process between employees’ objectives and the organizational goals in a governmental corporation. Secondly, to propose a suitable and applicable course of action for better organizational alignment. To achieve optimum results; both qualitative and quantitative research methods (detailed questionnaire and personal interviews) have been applied in this paper. Gathereddata have been analyzed by spread sheets and web-based models such as Google forms. The results show that there is a lack of effective communication throughout the corporation, knowledge and capabilities are not developed, employees are not involved or empowered, and finally people efforts are not rewarded or recognized. Furthermore, the results illustrate the satisfactory factors that affect employees’ job performance and achieve the highest level of motivation. The recommended action plan in this paper is based on information gathered through an extensive literature review, and researcher experience in this field. This study is an attempt to establish the basic criteria to enhance leadership credibility, minimize wasted resources, and achieve the optimum utilization of human resources in the governmental sector.