As a result of the complex impact of anthropogenic factors on the ecosystem of Balkhash Lake, the main commercial species of fish—endemic—Balkhash marinka was on the verge of extinction. Artificial reproduction is becoming increasingly important every year in the complex of works to maintain the commercial stocks of valuable fish species as well as to preserve rare and endangered populations. Despite the fact that attempts at artificial reproduction have been repeatedly made, to date no scientific and methodological basis has been created to study and preserve rare and endangered fish species in the Republic of Kazakhstan and there are no adapted technologies for the formation of repair herds of fish of this category for the fish breeding enterprises of the reproductive complex of Kazakhstan. The presence of a replacement stock of the Balkhash marinka will further contribute to the development and improvement of biotechnical methods for their breeding and cultivation of viable stocking material. The stocking of natural water bodies with viable fish seeds and the maintenance of living collections of rare and endangered fish species will contribute to their conservation in natural conditions and, as a reserve, in the country’s fish farms. The results of the development of effective technologies for artificial reproduction and the formation of a replacement stock of the Balkhash marinka in industrial conditions contribute to solving the fundamental problem associated with the preservation of rare and endemic fish species from complete extinction, genetic diversity and the rational use of the potential of natural populations. An analysis of genetic identification showed that the breeders of marinka, according to the results of sequencing the barcoding gene CO1 of mitochondrial DNA, belong to the species Balkhash marinka S. argentatus with an accuracy of 99–100%.

The most significant achievements in the field of natural sciences are reached in joint collaboration, where important roles are taken by biology and chemistry. Therefore publication of a Journal, displaying results of current studies in the field of biology and chemistry, facilitates highlighting of theoretical and practical issues and distribution of scientific discoveries.One of the basic goals of the Journal is to promote the extensive exchange of information between the scientists from all over the world. We welcome publishing original papers and materials of Biological and Chemical Conferences, held in different countries (after the process of their subsequent selection).Creation of special International Journal of Biology and Chemistry is of great importance, because a great amount of scientists might publish their articles and it will help to widen the geography of future collaboration. We will be glad to publish also the papers of the scientists from the other continents.The Journal aims to publish the results of the experimental and theoretical studies in the field of biology, biotechnology, chemistry and chemical technology. Among the emphasized subjects are: modern issues of technologies for organic synthesis; scientific basis of the production of physiologically active preparations; modern issues of technologies for processing of raw materials, production of new materials and technologies; study on chemical and physical properties and structure of oil and coal; theoretical and practical issues in processing of hydrocarbons; modern achievements in the field of nanotechnology; results of studies in the fields of biology, biotechnology, genetics, nanotechnology, etc.We hope to receive papers from a number of Scientific Centers, which are involved in the application of the scientific principles of biology, biotechnology, chemistry and chemical technology on practice and carrying out research on the subject, whether it relates to the production of new materials, technology and ecological issues. Abstract: This work presents results on behavioral reactions and sensitivity of molluscs and fish to experimental modelling of accidental oil pollution during the first 72 hours. It is shown that mobile hydrobionts, such as fish attempt to escape the contaminated area during the first 24 hours after the oil spill. Benthic animals -molluscs are more susceptible to pollution, they almost instantly lose their mobility, become inert and try to escape their shells further on, which serves as an evidence of death throes. Light crude with high content of paraffin was used for the present experiment.

The current status of the barbels inhabiting the Kazakhstan section of the Syrdarya River needs special study, as has been noted since the second half of the 20th century. Stocks of commercial fish valuable in the past as barbels in the Aral–Syrdarya basin are now catastrophically reduced as a result of anthropogenic impact on the ichthyofauna and natural environment of the Aral Sea region. The study of the condition; abundance and distribution range is necessary to determine measures for their restoration in natural habitats and their breeding in fish farms. Research on the biotechnology of barbel breeding with subsequent acclimatization and reacclimatization of these fish species will not only improve the composition of the ichthyofauna of the Aral–Syrdarya basin, but also preserve the genetic potential of natural populations. At present, the only way to restore the population of the Aral barbel is stocking hatchery reared juveniles in natural environments. Under the current situation, a way forward is seen in the creation of domesticated replacement-broodstocks of barbels. As a result of the influence of anthropogenic factors, the populations of this species have come to almost complete degradation and depletion and require the development and adoption of urgent measures for their conservation and restoration through reintroduction, which is a priority and urgent task for the fisheries of the republic.