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This article discusses the modern pedagogical technology of collaborative education. Various educational institutions around the world, including Russia, starts using collaborative education. Learning in terms of this technology involves collaborative knowledge deepening by students in the scope of the studied disciplines. The relevance of collaborative education technology use is determined by the increasing project-based learning part and students' team projects in the implementation of which the issues of effective coordination of actions and deep knowledge acquisition need to be solved. The collaborative education concept, differences from similar learning formats, advantages, disadvantages, and factors of the successful collaborative education technologies implementation presented in foreign and national works were analyzed by the author. The study novelty consists in the collaborative education situation formation as formation stages of collaborative mental activity. students Learning activities in groups can be represented as their collaborative activities, but at the same time in-group education and collaborative education, it can only correspond to a mechanical combination of individual practical actions or collaborative practical activities, while the collaborative knowledge deepening with the immersion of students in the educational process and the interaction with each other, correspond to the full-fledged collaborative mental activity stage. In the second case, students' activities are characterized by a high degree integration actions and the general semantic fund formation. With co-education, presented as a collaborative mental activity, it becomes possible to identify specific aspects of students' semantic communication. As such aspects, the authors primarily consider semantic dialogue and the interpersonal meanings activity formation. It is concluded that understanding the collaborative education process as the students' collaborative mental activity formation and taking into account the semantic interaction aspects can increase the implementation effectiveness of this pedagogical technology.