International migration from Bangladesh has become a defining characteristic of the country. Especially since 1980s, large scale labour migration has become a common phenomenon of Bangladesh. This paper examines the various issues of international migration and remittance flows of Bangladesh on the basis of the secondary data generated from various reports of government and non-government organizations and of various publications of home and abroad. With a few exceptions, manpower export has been showing increasing trend year by year. Most of the expatriates, who are largely unskilled, are working in the Middle East countries and in the UK and the USA. Like overseas employment, remittances flow has been increasing every year with its increased share in GDP and export earnings. Major share of total remittances come from the Middle East countries. But individually the position of the USA is just behind Saudi Arabia over the last few years. Finally it can be concluded that proper attention should be given on overseas migration in order to keep the unemployment rate within tolerable level and to increase the amount of remittances which is an important source of foreign exchange. Keywords: International migration; Remittance; Expatriate; Employment; Increased share in GDP DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4751 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 387-394, 2009

The titanium(IV) complexes of the unsymmetrical Schiff base ligands (L) of ethylenediamine and salicylaldehyde, o‐hydroxyacetophenone, o‐hydroxynapthaldehyde have been prepared and characterized when unsymmetrical ligands are synthesized through in situ partial displacement of the symmetrical bis‐Schiff bases. Compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, electronic, (Infra‐red) IR, 1H NMR spectral data, magnetic susceptibility measurement and molar conductance and eight coordinated geometry of the complexes was proposed. The complexes have been found to posses 1:2:1 (M:L:B) stoichiometry (B is the secondary ligand). The bio‐efficacy of the prepared complexes has been examined against the growth of bacteria and fungi in vitro to evaluate their anti‐microbial potential.

Cl− is found to be detrimental to the photodegradation of PNP. Hydrogen ion concentration of reaction mixture was found to increase continuously during photodegradation suggesting mineralization of PNP.

Aging and aging‐related chronic disorders are one of the principal causes of death worldwide. The prevalence of these disorders is increasing gradually and globally. Considering this unwavering acceleration of the global burden, seeking alternatives to traditional medication to prevent the risk of aging disorders is needed. Among them, lycopene, a carotenoid, is abundant in many fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, grapefruits, and watermelons, and it has a unique chemical structure to be a potent antioxidant compound. This nutraceutical also possesses several anti‐aging actions, including combating aging biomarkers and ameliorating several chronic disorders. However, no systematic evaluation has yet been carried out that can comprehensively elucidate the effectiveness of lycopene in halting the course of aging and the emergence of chronic diseases linked to aging. This review, therefore, incorporates previous pre‐clinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies on lycopene to understand its potency in treating aging disorders and its role as a mimic of caloric restriction. Lycopene‐rich foods are found to prevent or attenuate aging disorders in various research. Based on the evidence, this review suggests the clinical application of lycopene to improve human health and alleviate the prevalence of aging and aging disorders.

Molar conductance of benzoic acid in 1-propanol-water mixtures has been measured in the composition of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 wt % of 1-propanol at 5 K interval from 298.15 to 313.15 K. The limiting molar conductance Λ o and the thermodynamic dissociation constant constant pKa were estimated from the measured conductance data using Bray-Kraus and Fuoss-Kraus equations. An approximate linear dependence of pK a with the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the media was observed and this trend may be due to the dominating effect of the coulombic forces of attractions between the opposite ions over the other types of attractions. The gradual decreases of Λ o with the increase of 1-propanol fraction in the binary mixtures of 1-propanol and water may be attributed to relative increase in the viscosities of 1-propanol-water mixtures. The Walden product and normalized Walden product (nwp) of the benzoic acid in the seven binary mixtures have been calculated and a qualitative proposal has been made regarding their variation with wt% of 1-propanol. The free energies of transfer ΔG°t r, also have been computed for the acid in the solvent mixtures. The change of pK a with the solvent composition has been discussed in terms of the free energy of transfer from water to the 1-propanol-water mixtures.