No abstract

Improvement of antitumor effects relies on the development of biocompatible nanomaterials and combination of various therapies to produce synergistic effects and avoid resistance. In this work, we developed GBD-Fe, a nanoformulation that effectively integrated chemotherapy (CT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). GBD-Fe used gold nanorods as photothermal agents and encapsulated doxorubicin to amplify Fe3+-guided CDT effects by producing H2O2 and reducing the intracellular glutathione levels. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to demonstrate the enhanced accumulation and antitumor effects of this tripronged therapy under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. This tripronged approach of CT/CDT/PTT effectively induced tumor cytotoxicity and inhibited tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice and therefore represents a promising strategy to effectively treat tumors.