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Growing human population at alarming rate has forced the decline in fallow land available for grazing leading to excessive pressure on fodder production for livestock existence. Growing crops for dual purpose i.e. both grains and fodder together may be a good option for reducing this burden. Wheat may be a better option to mitigate the shortage of grains as well as fodder. Many works have been carried out in this direction considering wheat but the production has been a limitation. Among various agronomical methods, modifications of fertilizers concentrations and seed rate are very crucial which affect yield. Nitrogen is one of major components of fertilizers which plays crucial role in crop growth influencing major physiology including photosynthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acids synthesis etc. Seed rate is directly related to canopy expansion and solar radiation interception, thereby strongly influencing the use of environmental resources by changing relative importance of intra and interplant competition for light, water and nutrients during crop development and thereby affects wheat yield. Looking at the importance of the issue, this review was carried out to get the information about the effect of seed rates and nitrogen levels on the forage and grain yield of dual purpose wheat genotypes for enhanced productivity.

Guava (Psidum guajava L.) is one of the most favorable fruit crops in India and is considered to be a well-executed, nutritionally valuable and profitable crop. Recently, guava has secured higher demand within the global trade because of its nutritional value and processed products. It is a hardy, prolific bearer and produces a fairly remunerative fruit crop. It is mainly cultivated on a large commercial scale. Guava fruit bears three bahar seasons, viz., Ambe bahar, Mrig bahar, and Hasth bahar. The continual bearing habit ends up in the reduction of yield with the inferiority of small-sized fruits. So as to overcome this problem, bahar treatment is practiced. Among the three bahar seasons, the heaviest flowering is observed in the Ambe Bahar season, but the fruit quality of this season is rough, watery, insipid in taste, poor in quality, less nutritive and is heavily attacked by many insects, pests and diseases. The fruit quality of winter season crops is excellent, nutritive, and escaped from the attack of fruit flies. Therefore, the crop regulation practice is to force the tree for rest and produce profuse blossoms and fruits throughout any one of the two or three flushes. It is necessary to reduce the fruit set during the rainy season and subsequently increase the fruit set during the winter season through the use of various chemicals like NAA, ethereal and urea etc to regulate the guava crop. This method aims at regulating uniform and good quality fruit and also maximizing produce as well as profit. This regulation method depends on climatic factors, cropping pattern, extend of the damage by the disease and pests, market and industry demand, cultivar, etc. Crop regulation is accomplished by the various strategies like water management to induce stress, training and pruning of shoots and roots at different levels as well as at different times and manual or chemical thinning of flowers.

Study was undertaken to standardize the planting time of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in agro-climateof Bihar, during 2012-2013. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three varieties namely Sweet Charlie, Festival and Winter Dawn as sub plot with four planting dates, viz. 15 October, 1 November, 15 November and 1 December as main plot with three replications at experimental plot of BAC, Sabour, Bihar. 15 October planting exhibited maximum growth and took longest duration to initiate flowering and fruit set with largest fruit size which was at par with 1 November planting. 1 November planting had maximum number of fruits and yield/plant. Least plant growth and fruit yield was recorded in 1 December planting. Among the cultivars studied, variety Winter Dawn exhibited maximum plant growth however maximum yield of 355.04 g/plant was recorded in var. Festival. Variety Sweet Charlie having minimum fruit size and weight produced highest number of fruits, i.e. 22.48 fruits/plant and excelled in TSS, total sugars and ascorbic acid content. Variety Winter Dawn was found suitable for 15 October planting whereas var. Festival and Sweet Charlie performed better in 1 November planting.