Blue discharge, referring to pixies, blue starters, and blue jets are one kind of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) emerging from the top of the thunderstorm, characterized with their blue emission and terminal altitude at 20-50 km (e.g.,

No abstract

At about 22:43:30 BJT (Beijing Time = UTC + 8) on 13 August 2016, two amateur astronomers in Shikengkong, Guangdong province, and Jiahe County, Hunan province, respectively, fortuitously captured a gigantic jet (GJ) event simultaneously, and the GJ exact location could be triangulated. The parent thunderstorm was in a very humid environment (Precipitable Water [PWAT] in excess of 60 mm), featuring high convective available potential energy (CAPE of 2,428 J/kg). The GJ occurred in the region with the coldest cloud top brightness temperature of −64 °C, suggesting the GJ was associated with strong vertical development of the thunderstorm. The vertical cross sections of radar reflectivity also show that the GJ occurred near the thunderstorm strong convection region (overshooting top). The negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes dominated during the thunderstorm evolution. Three positive narrow bipolar events (NBEs) were detected within 30 s before and after the GJ. It indicates that the NBEs were occurred in the upper and middle layers of the thunderstorm (altitude of 11–13 km) with radar reflectivity of 30–35 dBZ.

Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) are caused by the coupling of electromagnetic energy released by tropospheric lightning into the middle atmosphere (Pasko et al., 1998). As a major category of TLEs, red sprites are readily recorded in both ground-based and space-born observations with high-sensitivity optical devices