The adjustment of the luminescent properties of materials according to different environments has always been a hot topic. Among them, the local excited (LE) state and the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) state are important factors that affect the photophysical properties of compounds. Herein, four donor–acceptor pyranone–arylbenzene molecules were synthesized using pyranone (Pr) as the acceptor and phenyl (Ph), naphthalene (Np), anthracene (An), and pyrene (Py) as donors, respectively. The results of experiments and theoretical calculations show that the TICT state dominates the luminescent properties of Pr–Ph and Pr–Np, which results in fluorescence quenching in solution and solid states. However, Pr–An and Pr–Py are dominated by the LE state caused by rigid anthracene and pyrene, and the twisted molecular conformations avoid the strong π–π interactions, leading to dual-state emissions. Moreover, Pr–An has two completely different polymorphs, Pr–An-SB and Pr–An-YG, which emit sky-blue and yellow-green fluorescence due to different conformations and stacking arrangements, respectively. Both the polymorphs can be transformed into an amorphous state that emits dark cyan fluorescence upon grinding, revealing high-contrast mechanofluorochromic properties. Furthermore, Pr–An-YG can be converted into more stable Pr–An-SB by solvent fumigation, revealing vapochromic activity. This work provides some useful information for the development of fluorescent materials based on LE and TICT states.

In service to sustainable development, consumers have begun to prefer green products for their special environmental characteristics, and many enterprises are introducing new products to improve their competitiveness, but this tactic may not work if customers are strategic, as they might choose to defer purchasing decisions while prices are high and wait for lower prices in the future. Considering the differences in purchase behavior, we divided customers into two groups—strategic customers and myopic customers. Furthermore, we distinguished three types of strategic customers according to their different preferences to analyze the optimal pricing and greenness strategies in sustainable supply chain in strategic customer scenarios. Our results led to the following conclusions. (1) Strategic customers’ individual preferences can affect optimum equilibrium and that a higher purchase price threshold can stimulate the manufacturer to improve greenness and set a higher price, while a higher greenness purchase threshold and purchase value threshold will force manufacturer to set a lower price. (2) We observed that strategic customers can increase demand and vender profit. As the number of strategic customers increases, selling price and greenness will experience downward trends in a price threshold scenario but upward trends in greenness threshold and value threshold scenarios. (3) A firm can take measures to mitigate the effects of strategic customers by adjusting price and greenness dynamically according to price and greenness sensitivity, which can play a leading role in actively influencing strategic customer behavior.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract