Many security standards and cryptographic solutions exist for different applications such as agriculture, aircraft, banking systems and etc. but a more effective and efficient solution can be given by combining existing technologies with blockchain. This work addresses the problems of previous works such as scalability, immutability, robustness, network latency, auditability, and traceability. Satoshi Nakamoto introduced Blockchain (BC) to tackle the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing attacks, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), phishing problems and various security issues. Blockchain is a technology that stores the data using a chain of blocks in an encrypted form with hashing algorithms. It uses the decentralized architecture to store the information that helps users and customers to have transparency on records. The data is stored in a distributed ledger that is tamperproof and immutable. To amalgamate the research done so far, this paper presents a systematic review of ten different applications and tools used in blockchain. The applications include academics and education, agriculture, aircraft, banking, car sharing, e-voting, healthcare, Internet of Things (IoT), Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and Supplychain (SC). Moreover, this paper presented a taxonomy for these applications and analyzed the implementation of tools used in different domains. Different open issues and challenges and key takeaways of blockchain technology were also highlighted. Hence, this paper helps give a new insight into working with blockchain and deciding on appropriate tools and approaches for a particular application.

Blockchain systems have seen vast growth due to the immense potential in developing secure applications for education, healthcare, and so forth. The healthcare system is extensively researched to provide convenience to human life. With the exponential growth in healthcare systems and devices, patient data security and privacy issues are becoming primary concerns. Blockchain is emerging as a solution to secure healthcare records, but it faces certain shortcomings like transaction time, execution time, gas cost consumption, bandwidth utilization, and so forth. The current article designed an extensive blockchain‐based healthcare system (MyEasyHealthcare) with reduced gas consumption, transaction cost, execution cost, and bandwidth utilization, along with enhanced security at three levels. At the first level, the professionals and patients get registered, which provides identity access management. Secondly, authorization is required for each registered entity by the owners. Lastly, the third level includes a doctor‐patient relationship where the hospital's owner assigns a patient to a particular doctor. The data is protected from the outer world and is preserved only between the doctor and the patient. Moreover, to include the majority of tasks for hospital management, the developed system incorporates a smart contract to record seven different parameters for patient diagnosis by a physician and 15 different parameters by a pathologist. The designed system is evaluated for the amount of gas consumed, transaction cost, execution cost, and bandwidth utilization by simulating/executing the written smart contract on InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and Remix to check the feasibility of the developed system (MyEasyHealthcare) for the real world; the results testify the proposed system is useful in the real world.