The synthesis of argentivorous molecules (L1 and L2 ) having two chromophores (4-(anthracen-9-yl)­benzyl or 4-(pyren-1-yl)­benzyl groups) and two benzyl groups and the fluorescence properties of their silver complexes in a solution and the solid state are reported. A crystallographic approach for the Ag+ complexes with L1 and L2 revealed that the observed fluorescence changes stem from the excimer formation and extinction of fluorescent. Furthermore, binding stabilities of L1 and L2 toward Ag+ ions were estimated by the Ag+-induced UV–vis and PL spectral changes.

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We compared early and delayed Tc-99m ECD SPECT scans in 32 SLE patients (Group 1, definite neuropsychiatric disorders; Group 2, minor neurologic symptoms or normal) with those of normal controls by visual inspection and semi-quantitative evaluation. With visual interpretation, 13 out of 14 patients in Group 1 (93%) and 7 out of 18 patients in Group 2 (39%) had diffuse uneven decrease in early scans. Seven patients in Group 2 (39%) who had normal early scans demonstrated focal decrease in the medial frontal lobe in delayed scans. With cerebral region to cerebellar ratios, in early scans, the medial frontal lobe in Group 1 and Group 2 was significantly lower than in normal controls, and lateral frontal lobe and occipital lobes in Group 1 were significantly lower than in normal controls. Nevertheless, in delayed scans, every cortical region except for the parietal lobe in Groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than in normal controls. The retention rates in all regions in SLE patients were significantly lower than in normal controls. No case showed SPECT improvement on follow-up studies in either group in spite of clinical improvement. Delayed Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT of high sensitivity might be useful in detecting CNS involvement. Although the SPECT findings did not correlate with the neuropsychiatric symptoms, early and delayed Tc-99m ECD SPECT seems to provide useful objective diagnostic information in SLE patients.

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Protection of hepatocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury is a clinically important issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in acute liver damage and recovery after ischemia-reperfusion in rats with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) ligand. Ischemia was induced by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament for 90 min. At 1, 3, 24, 48 hr, 1 and 2 wk after reperfusion, I-125-GSA was injected. Five min after injection, blood samples were obtained and the liver was removed. Several regions from each lobe were dissected, weighed and counted. Mean uptakes (% dose/g) in the liver and blood samples were calculated. Histologic sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) stain showed ischemic damage at 1 and 3 hr, and focal hepatocyte necrosis at 24 hr. Predominant massive necrosis was not seen. The mitotic index with H-E stain and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index were highest at 1 wk, indicating liver regeneration. At 1 and 3 hr, liver uptake was significantly decreased, and blood uptake was significantly increased, indicating decreased tissue blood flow and ischemic damage. Liver uptake showed significant increases at 48 hr and 1 wk, and was the highest at 1 wk, indicating liver regeneration during the convalescence stage. ASGP-R binding may provide valuable information on ischemia-reperfusion injury and recovery.