Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of 3 different materials on remineralization of early enamel carious lesions. Materials and Methods:80 maxillary single rooted premolars were divided into four groups(n=20). Group 1: Control,Group 2 : Silver diamine fluoride ,Group 3 : Nano-hydroxyapatite and Group 4: Self assembling peptide. Each group except control group were subdivided into two subgroups. All the materials were demineralized in demineralizing solution for 96 hours, which was daily renewed after 24 hours until uniform early carious lesion were formed. After the formation of lesions, half of specimens from each tested subgroups had the material applied and the half of the specimens didn’t. All the specimens were immersed together in 20 mL of artificial saliva at 37ċ for 24 h. After 24 hours experimental materials were rubbed off using cotton pellate socked in acetone. All the specimens were then washed with distilled water and again immersed in fresh artificial saliva for 48 hours at 37ċ in an incubator. Saliva was exchanged after 24 hours with fresh saliva. The pair of negative control group was only immersed in artificial saliva for 24 and 48 hours continuously and saliva was not exchanged during this period.

Aim: To evaluate and compare apical extrusion of debris using One Curve, Confi Taper, TRUShape®3D Conforming and Reciproc Blue file systems. Methods: 60 extracted single rooted mandibular premolar human teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15). Premolars were instrumented using one of the following instruments ONE CURVE, CONFI TAPER, TRUShape® 3D CONFORMING AND RECIPROC BLUE  FILES. Pre-weighted Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the apically extruded debris during instrumentation. Then the amount of debris collected was calculated by subtracting the weight of the Eppendorf tube before and after preparation. Then the data was analysed using Kruskal wallis test. At 0.5 significant level. Results: Some amount of debris extrusion was found with all the instruments from the apex. Highest amount of apical extrusion of debris was found in Reciproc Blue followed by Trueshape 3D Conforming, Confi Taper and least  apical extrusion seen in One Curve.  Conclusions: Under the limitations of this in-vitro study, the amount of apically extruded  debris measured for the used instruments was REC Blue> Trueshape® 3D Conforming>ConfiTaper> One Curve.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of 3 different materials on remineralization of early enamel carious lesions. Materials and Methods:80 maxillary single rooted premolars were divided into four groups(n=20). Group 1: Control,Group 2 : Silver diamine fluoride ,Group 3 : Nano-hydroxyapatite and Group 4: Self assembling peptide. Each group except control group were subdivided into two subgroups. All the materials were demineralized in demineralizing solution for 96 hours, which was daily renewed after 24 hours until uniform early carious lesion were formed. After the formation of lesions, half of specimens from each tested subgroups had the material applied and the half of the specimens didn’t. All the specimens were immersed together in 20 mL of artificial saliva at 37ċ for 24 h. After 24 hours experimental materials were rubbed off using cotton pellate socked in acetone. All the specimens were then washed with distilled water and again immersed in fresh artificial saliva for 48 hours at 37ċ in an incubator. Saliva was exchanged after 24 hours with fresh saliva. The pair of negative control group was only immersed in artificial saliva for 24 and 48 hours continuously and saliva was not exchanged during this period.