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SummaryReasons for performing study: To improve the understanding of exercise related sudden death in Thoroughbred racehorses.

These results indicate that lithium dilution is a suitable method for measuring cardiac output in horses. As well as being accurate, it avoids the need for pulmonary artery catheterization and is quick and safe to use. Monitoring cardiac output during anesthesia in horses may help reduce the high anesthetic mortality in this species.

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