It is important to be aware of the high prevalence of bony depressions, signal changes suggestive of bone marrow oedema and the volume of joint fluid seen in normal children. Such findings must be interpreted with care in children with suspected disease such as juvenile arthritis.

Sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol is a safe and effective treatment of ABC. We propose classifying ABC as lymphatic or venous and suggest considering ABC intraosseous slow-flow vascular malformations.

Regular transfusion maintaining HbS below 30% is feasible and safe in children with SCD in France and protects from overt stroke.