This study describes the hegemony produced by the Saudi Arabian state through the kafala system in the relationship between employers and female migrant domestic workers from Indonesia. The kafala system creates many problems due to the structural dependence between domestic migrant workers and their employers, ranging from heavy workloads and irregular wages to restrictions on access to mobility. Employers as individual sponsors have a large dominance of power so that the working conditions for domestic migrant workers become unbalanced. This study is analyzed using Antonio Gramsci's hegemonic perspective with three indicators of understanding, namely the ruling class, defense of the domination of the ruling class, and the crisis of ruling class hegemony. This study was dissected using a qualitative critical approach. This study indicates that the hegemony in this research phenomenon belongs to a declining level of hegemony characterized by the potential for disintegration hidden beneath the surface. Various restrictive Saudi Arabian regulations hamper the awareness of civil society, which has been gradually awakened. The limitations of civil society on access to participatory democracy have resulted in mass resistance to the Kafala system not coming to the surface.

Electric Steam Power Plants (PLTU) need coal as fuel to produce electricity. The higher the electrical energy needed to eat, the more fuel will be used. This has happened in the construction of shelters 9 and 10 Suralaya Merak-Banten steam power plant (PLTU). This development is reaping various kinds of rejection because it causes environmental damage not only in the area around the development operation but also in the Greater Jakarta area. The rejection movement was initiated by local residents and supported by international Environmental NGOs.Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) membutuhkan batu bara sebagai bahan bakar untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Semakin tinggi energi listrik yang dibutuhkan makan akan semakin banyak bahan bakar yang digunakan. Hal ini terjadi pada pembangunan shelter 9 dan 10 PLTU Suralaya di pulau Jawa spesifiknya di daerah Merak-Banten. Pembangunan ini menuai berbagai macam penolakan karena mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan tidak hanya pada wilayah sekitar operasi pembangunan namun juga pada wilayah Jabodetabek. Gerakan penolakan diinisiasi tentunya oleh warga setempat dan didukung dengan NGO Internasional penggiat isu lingkungan.